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U+5931, 失
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5931

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 37, +2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹手人 (HQO), four-corner 25030, composition 丿 or 𠂉)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 249, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5844
  • Dae Jaweon: page 508, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 525, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5931

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) depicting a footprint of someone that has fallen surrounded by drops of blood (Ji Xusheng, 2004).

Alternatively, according to Shuowen, Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : + — something falling from a hand (). However, the original form doesn't show any hand.

Etymology

Cognate with (OC *liɡ, “to escape; to lose”), (OC *lid, “to escape; at ease”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Cogtse Situ (ka-ʃlə̂k, to fall (from hand)), Japhug ɕlɯɣ (to fall; to slip) (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Note also Thai เล็ดลอด (lét-lɔ̂ɔt, to sneak; to escape by stealth) (Manomaivibool, 1975).

Pronunciation 1


Note: sêg4 - Jieyang.
Note:
  • she6 - vernacular;
  • shr6 - literary.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (26)
    Final () (48)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter syit
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɕiɪt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɕit̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɕjet̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɕit̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɕiĕt̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɕĭĕt̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /ɕi̯ĕt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    shi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    sat1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    shī
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ syit ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*l̥i/
    English lose

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11426
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*hliɡ/

    Definitions

    1. to lose; to lose track of; to mislay
    2. to fail; to not succeed
    3. to breach; to violate
    4. to neglect; to miss
    5. mistake; fault; wrongdoing
    6. 75th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "failure" (𝍐)

    Compounds

    Pronunciation 2


    Definitions

    1. Alternative form of (, to flee; to run away)
    2. Alternative form of (to ignore; indulgent)

    Japanese

    Kanji

    (Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. mistake, disadvantage
    2. loss, lose

    Readings

    Korean

    Hanja

    (eumhun 잃을 (ireul sil))

    1. hanja form? of (loss)

    Compounds

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    : Hán Nôm readings: thất, thắt

    Verb

    (thất)

    1. chữ Hán form of thất.
      1. to lose something
      2. to make a mistake; to blunder; to contravene; to infringe; to violate
      3. to miss