奈

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See also: 柰
奈 U+5948, 奈
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5948
← 奇
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 奉 →
奈 U+F90C, 奈
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F90C
← 喇
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 懶 →

Translingual

Han character

奈 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大一一火 (KMMF), four-corner 40901, composition ⿱大示)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 251, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5893
  • Dae Jaweon: page 511, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 532, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5948

Chinese

trad. 奈
simp. # 奈
alternative forms 柰

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (奈) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
奈 *naːls, *naːds
柰 *naːds
渿 *naːds
捺 *naːd

A variant of 柰; however it is etymologically unrelated to it. It represents a man (大) and a sacrifical altair (示), perhaps with a reference to a sacrifice.

Etymology

“how; why”
Possibly a contraction of 若 (OC *nak) and 之 (OC *tə), as in 若之何 (ruòzhīhé) (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 34).
“nano-”
Borrowed from English nano-.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ta/tai/tā - vernacular (limited, e.g. 無奈何);
  • nāi - literary.
Rime
Character 奈 奈
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 泥 (8) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 泰 (25) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 奴帶切 奴箇切
Baxter najH naH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/nɑiH/ /nɑH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/nɑiH/ /nɑH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/nɑiH/ /nɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/najH/ /naH/
Li
Rong 		/nɑiH/ /nɑH/
Wang
Li 		/nɑiH/ /nɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/nɑiH/ /nɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		nài nuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		naai6 no6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 奈
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		nài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ najH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nˁa-s/
English cope with

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 奈 奈
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 9349 9350
Phonetic
component 		奈 奈
Rime
group 		歌 祭
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		奈 柰
Old
Chinese 		/*naːls/ /*naːds/

Definitions

奈

  1. how; why (used in rhetorical questions)
  2. to bear; to stand; to endure
  3. (Taiwan) nano- (SI unit prefix)
    Synonym: 納／纳 (nà) (Mainland China)

See also

SI prefix
Last Next
微 (wēi) 奈/納 皮 (pí)

Compounds

References

  • “奈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “奈”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 162.

Japanese

Kanji

奈

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. Abbreviation of 奈良: the city of Nara
  2. what
  3. (obsolete) apple tree

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
奈
Grade: 4
Alternative spelling
柰

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

奈(からなし) or 奈(カラナシ) • (karanashi) 

  1. Obsolete form of 唐梨 (“red apple”).
  2. (by extension) Obsolete spelling of 林檎 (“apple”).

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
奈
Grade: 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Pronoun

奈(いかん) • (ikan) 

  1. Alternative form of 奈何 (“what”)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 奈 (MC najH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

奈 (eumhun 어찌 내 (eojji nae))

  1. hanja form? of 내 (“but; how”)

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 奈 (MC naH).

Pronunciation

Hanja

奈 (eumhun 어찌 나 (eojji na))

  1. hanja form? of 나 (“but; how”)

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

奈: Hán Nôm readings: nại, nhự

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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