妓
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Translingual
Han character
妓 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女十水 (VJE), four-corner 44447, composition ⿰女支)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 256, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6083
- Dae Jaweon: page 520, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1029, character 17
- Unihan data for U+5993
Chinese
| trad. | 妓 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 妓 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 妓 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 支 | *kje |
| 枝 | *kje |
| 肢 | *kje |
| 汥 | *kje, *ɡe, *ɡres |
| 衼 | *kje |
| 馶 | *kje, *qʰjes, *kes, *ɡe |
| 鳷 | *kje |
| 忮 | *kjes |
| 伎 | *kjes, *ɡe, *ɡreʔ |
| 豉 | *ɡjes |
| 翅 | *qʰjes |
| 翄 | *qʰjes, *ɡe |
| 妓 | *kre, *ɡreʔ |
| 庋 | *kreʔ, *kʷreʔ |
| 跂 | *kʰeʔ, *kʰes, *ɡe |
| 蚑 | *kʰes, *ɡe |
| 吱 | *kʰes |
| 岐 | *ɡe |
| 歧 | *ɡe |
| 鬾 | *ɡre, *ɡres |
| 技 | *ɡreʔ |
| 芰 | *ɡres |
| 攱 | *kʷreʔ, *kʷres |
| 庪 | *kʷreʔ |
| 頍 | *kʰʷeʔ |
| 屐 | *ɡreɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kre, *ɡreʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 支 (OC *kje).
Etymology
Attested earliest in Shuowen Jiezi and Wèi-Jìn period's literature (possible pronunciations *kɨe or *gɨeX); a hypohetical OC form would be *kre (Schuessler, 2007).
Apparently loaned from Vietic (ancient 越 (yuè) in southern China). Compare Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman, female”) (whence Vietnamese cái (“female”) & gái (“girl, female”)), elsewhere in Mon-Khmer, Proto-Waic *krih girl", Proto-North-Bahnaric *kdri: "female". Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 技 (jì, “skill”), yet this may be folk etymology (ibid.).
Schuessler also points to other foreign words which meant "woman, girl" yet referred to women of low social standing in ancient China; e.g. 嬖 (bì), 嬯 (tái) (ibid.).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gei6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kî
- Northern Min (KCR): gī / gí
- Eastern Min (BUC): gê
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ci
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jì
- Wade–Giles: chi4
- Yale: jì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gei6
- Yale: geih
- Cantonese Pinyin: gei6
- Guangdong Romanization: géi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî
- Hakka Romanization System: gi´
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi1
- Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gī / gí
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki⁵⁵/, /ki⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gê
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɛi²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- kī - literary;
- ki - vernacular (俗).
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 妓 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕi⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕi⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕi²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕi³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕji²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕi¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕi¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕi¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕi²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡sz̩⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /d͡ʑi²³/ |
| Suzhou | /d͡ʑi³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡ʑi²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /d͡zz̩³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰi²²/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕi⁴²/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰi⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /ki²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kei²²/ |
| Nanning | /ki²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kei²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ki²²/ /ki⁵⁵/ 俗 |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɛi²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ki⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /ki³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /ki³⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: gjeX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreʔ/
Definitions
妓
- (Classical, historical) female entertainer; female performer of song and dance
- prostitute
Synonyms
- (both senses): 娼 (chāng)
Compounds
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ji
- Wade–Giles: chi1
- Yale: jī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: kje
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kre/
Definitions
妓
- Used in 妓姕.
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
- 愛妓 (aigi)
- 歌妓 (kagi)
- 歌舞妓 (kabuki)
- 官妓 (kangi)
- 妓生 (kīsen), 妓生 (gisei)
- 妓院 (giin)
- 妓家 (gika)
- 妓楽 (gigaku)
- 妓館 (gikan)
- 妓女 (gijo)
- 妓籍 (giseki)
- 妓名 (gimei)
- 妓夫 (gyū), 妓夫 (gifu)
- 妓楼 (girō)
- 芸妓 (geigi)
- 芸娼妓 (geishōgi)
- 絃妓 (gengi)
- 狎妓 (kōgi)
- 小妓 (shōgi)
- 娼妓 (shōgi)
- 新妓 (shinko)
- 雛妓 (sūgi)
- 声妓 (seigi)
- 美妓 (bigi)
- 舞妓 (bugi): female dancer
- 舞妓 (maiko): dancing girl, particularly a maiko
- 名妓 (meigi)
- 老妓 (rōgi)
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 妓 |
| ぎ Hyōgaiji |
| on’yomi |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 妓 (“female entertainer”).
Pronunciation
Noun
- female entertainer
References
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 妓 (MC gjeX). Recorded as Middle Korean 기〯 (kǐ) (Yale: ki) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
- Hanja form? of 기 (“prostitute”).
Compounds
References
Vietnamese
Han character
妓: Hán Việt readings: kĩ, kỹ
妓: Nôm readings: kĩ, kỹ, đĩ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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