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妓 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女十水 (VJE), four-corner 44447, composition ⿰女支)
trad. | 妓 | |
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simp. # | 妓 |
Historical forms of the character 妓 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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Old Chinese | |
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支 | *kje |
枝 | *kje |
肢 | *kje |
汥 | *kje, *ɡe, *ɡres |
衼 | *kje |
馶 | *kje, *qʰjes, *kes, *ɡe |
鳷 | *kje |
忮 | *kjes |
伎 | *kjes, *ɡe, *ɡreʔ |
豉 | *ɡjes |
翅 | *qʰjes |
翄 | *qʰjes, *ɡe |
妓 | *kre, *ɡreʔ |
庋 | *kreʔ, *kʷreʔ |
跂 | *kʰeʔ, *kʰes, *ɡe |
蚑 | *kʰes, *ɡe |
吱 | *kʰes |
岐 | *ɡe |
歧 | *ɡe |
鬾 | *ɡre, *ɡres |
技 | *ɡreʔ |
芰 | *ɡres |
攱 | *kʷreʔ, *kʷres |
庪 | *kʷreʔ |
頍 | *kʰʷeʔ |
屐 | *ɡreɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kre, *ɡreʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 支 (OC *kje).
Attested earliest in Shuowen Jiezi and Wèi-Jìn period's literature (possible pronunciations *kɨe or *gɨeX); a hypohetical OC form would be *kre (Schuessler, 2007).
Apparently loaned from Vietic (ancient 越 (yuè) in southern China). Compare Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman, female”) (whence Vietnamese cái (“female”) & gái (“girl, female”)), elsewhere in Mon-Khmer, Proto-Waic *krih girl", Proto-North-Bahnaric *kdri: "female". Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 技 (jì, “skill”), yet this may be folk etymology (ibid.).
Schuessler also points to other foreign words which meant "woman, girl" yet referred to women of low social standing in ancient China; e.g. 嬖 (bì), 嬯 (tái) (ibid.).
Variety | Location | 妓 |
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Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕi⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕi⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕi²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕi³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕji²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕi¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕi¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕi¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕi²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /t͡sz̩⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /d͡ʑi²³/ |
Suzhou | /d͡ʑi³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /d͡ʑi²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /d͡zz̩³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰi²²/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕi⁴²/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kʰi⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /ki²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kei²²/ |
Nanning | /ki²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /kei²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ki²²/ /ki⁵⁵/ 俗 |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɛi²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ki⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /ki³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ki³⁵/ |
妓
妓
Kanji in this term |
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妓 |
ぎ Hyōgaiji |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 妓 (“female entertainer”).
From Middle Chinese 妓 (MC gjeX). Recorded as Middle Korean 기〯 (kǐ) (Yale: ki) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
妓: Hán Việt readings: kĩ, kỹ
妓: Nôm readings: kĩ, kỹ, đĩ
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