孫
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See also: 孙
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Translingual
Han character
孫 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓木竹女火 (NDHVF), four-corner 12493, composition ⿰子系)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 279, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6987
- Dae Jaweon: page 548, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1016, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5B6B
Chinese
| trad. | 孫 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 孙 | |
| alternative forms | 𡤾 | |
Glyph origin
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 子 (“son”) + 系 (“continue”).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sju(w)-n (“grandchild”) (STEDT). Cognate with Bodo (India) sou (“grandchild”), Jingpho shu (“grandchild”).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): sung1
- Northern Min (KCR): só̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1sen
- Xiang (Hengyang, Wiktionary): sun1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sun
- Wade–Giles: sun1
- Yale: swūn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suen
- Palladius: сунь (sunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯ən⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: syun1
- Yale: syūn
- Cantonese Pinyin: syn1
- Guangdong Romanization: xun1
- Sinological IPA (key): /syːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhun1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬun³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sûn
- Hakka Romanization System: sunˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sun1
- Sinological IPA: /sun²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: sung1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sũŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: só̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
- Sinological IPA (key): /souŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: dated in Xiamen, dated in Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
- Tâi-lô: sng
- Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sŋ̍⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: suiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: suinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svuy
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /suĩ⁴⁴/
Note:
- sng/suiⁿ - vernacular (surname);
- sun - literary (all senses, including surname, except in Zhangzhou).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sung1 / seng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sung / sṳng
- Sinological IPA (key): /suŋ³³/, /sɯŋ³³/
Note:
- seng1 - surname;
- sung1 - other senses.
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 孫 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /suən⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /suən⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /suən²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /suẽ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /suə̃²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /suən²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /suẽ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /suə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /suŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /sũn³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /suŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /sən²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /sən⁵⁵/ /suən⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /sen⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /suə̃⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /sun³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /sən²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /suəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /suŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /sũŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /səŋ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷen³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /sø³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /sʌ̃³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /suːə¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /sən³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /sən³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sun⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sun⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /sun²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /syn⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /ɬyn⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /syn⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sun⁵⁵/ /sŋ̍⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /souŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sɔŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /suŋ³³/ /sɯŋ³³/ 姓 | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /sun²³/ /tun²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: swon
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ˤu/
- (Zhengzhang): /*suːn/
Definitions
孫
- grandchild (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
- (literary or dialectal) grandson (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
- (chiefly Min) fraternal nephew
- descendant
- a surname, listed third in the Baijiaxing
- 孫中山／孙中山 ― Sūn Zhōngshān ― Sun Yat-sen (provisionally served as the first president of the Republic of China)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 孫子 (“grandson (son's son)”)
Dialectal synonyms of 姪子 (“fraternal nephew (brother's son)”)
Descendants
Compounds
- 不肖子孫／不肖子孙 (bùxiào zǐsūn)
- 亞馬孫河／亚马孙河
- 仍孫／仍孙
- 來孫／来孙 (láisūn)
- 兒孫／儿孙 (érsūn)
- 內孫／内孙 (nèisūn)
- 公子王孫／公子王孙
- 公孫大娘／公孙大娘
- 公孫樹／公孙树 (gōngsūnshù)
- 公孫龍／公孙龙
- 公孫龍子／公孙龙子
- 參孫／参孙 (Cānsūn)
- 叔孫／叔孙 (Shūsūn)
- 吃子孫飯／吃子孙饭
- 名落孫山／名落孙山 (míngluòsūnshān)
- 含飴弄孫／含饴弄孙 (hányínòngsūn)
- 哀王孫／哀王孙
- 土行孫／土行孙
- 外孫／外孙 (wàisūn)
- 外孫女／外孙女 (wàisūnnǚ)
- 多子多孫／多子多孙
- 天孫／天孙
- 太孫／太孙
- 女孫／女孙
- 姪孫／侄孙 (zhísūn)
- 嫡孫／嫡孙 (dísūn)
- 嫡孫承重／嫡孙承重
- 子子孫孫／子子孙孙 (zǐzǐsūnsūn)
- 子孝孫賢／子孝孙贤
- 子孫／子孙 (zǐsūn)
- 子孫桶／子孙桶
- 子孫滿堂／子孙满堂 (zǐsūnmǎntáng)
- 孝子慈孫／孝子慈孙
- 孝子賢孫／孝子贤孙 (xiàozǐxiánsūn)
- 孫兒／孙儿 (sūn'ér)
- 孫卿／孙卿
- 孫吳／孙吴
- 孫女／孙女 (sūnnǚ)
- 孫女婿／孙女婿 (sūnnǚxù)
- 孫子／孙子
- 孫子兵法／孙子兵法 (Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ)
- 孫山之外／孙山之外
- 孫康映雪／孙康映雪
- 孫悟空／孙悟空 (Sūn Wùkōng)
- 孫文學說／孙文学说
- 孫晨稿席／孙晨稿席
- 孫枝／孙枝
- 孫炎／孙炎
- 孫王營／孙王营 (Sūnwángyíng)
- 孫竹／孙竹
- 孫絡／孙络
- 孫臏／孙膑 (Sūn Bìn)
- 孫郎／孙郎 (Sūnláng)
- 封祖蔭孫／封祖荫孙
- 徒子徒孫／徒子徒孙 (túzǐtúsūn)
- 徠孫／徕孙
- 德流子孫／德流子孙
- 慈孫孝子／慈孙孝子
- 慶流子孫／庆流子孙
- 打剌孫／打剌孙 (dǎlàsūn)
- 承重孫／承重孙 (chéngzhòngsūn)
- 抱子弄孫／抱子弄孙
- 斷子絕孫／断子绝孙 (duànzǐjuésūn)
- 曾孫／曾孙 (zēngsūn)
- 桂子蘭孫／桂子兰孙
- 毓子孕孫／毓子孕孙
- 炎黃子孫／炎黄子孙 (Yán-Huáng zǐsūn)
- 烏孫／乌孙 (wūsūn)
- 燕啄皇孫／燕啄皇孙
- 猞猁孫／猞猁孙
- 猴孫王／猴孙王
- 玄孫／玄孙 (xuánsūn)
- 王孫／王孙 (wángsūn)
- 王孫公子／王孙公子
- 百子千孫／百子千孙
- 祖孫／祖孙
- 竹孫／竹孙
- 答剌孫／答剌孙
- 系孫／系孙
- 絕子絕孫／绝子绝孙 (juézǐjuésūn)
- 耳孫／耳孙
- 落孫山／落孙山
- 裝孫子／装孙子 (zhuāngsūnzi)
- 西姆孫線／西姆孙线
- 詒厥孫謀／诒厥孙谋
- 貽厥孫謀／贻厥孙谋
- 適孫／适孙
- 重孫／重孙 (chóngsūn)
- 重孫女／重孙女 (chóngsūnnǚ)
- 重孫媳／重孙媳
- 長孫／长孙 (zhǎngsūn)
- 長孫媳／长孙媳
- 雲孫／云孙 (yúnsūn)
- 龍孫／龙孙
- 龍孫帝子／龙孙帝子
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syùn
- Wade–Giles: hsün4
- Yale: syùn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunn
- Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕyn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: seon3
- Yale: seun
- Cantonese Pinyin: soen3
- Guangdong Romanization: sên3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɵn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
Definitions
孫
- (literary) Alternative form of 遜／逊 (xùn)
- 子曰：「邦有道，危言危行；邦無道，危行言孫。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Bāng yǒu dào, wēiyán wēixíng; bāng wúdào, wēixíng yán xùn.”
- The Master said, "When good government prevails in a state, language may be lofty and bold, and actions the same. When bad government prevails, the actions may be lofty and bold, but the language may be with some reserve."
子曰：「邦有道，危言危行；邦无道，危行言孙。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Japanese
Kanji
孫
Readings
- Go-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
- Kun: まご (mago, 孫, Jōyō)
- Nanori: さね (sane)、ただ (tada)、ひこ (hiko)、ひろ (hiro)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 孫 |
| むまご Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 孫 |
| うまご Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
/mumaɡo/ → /umaɡo/.
Noun
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 孫 |
| まご Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
/umaɡo/ → /maɡo/.
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 孫 |
| そん Grade: 4 |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese 孫 (MC swon).
Pronunciation
Noun
- (rare) descendant (usually of a certain generation)
- (archaic) lineage; pedigree
- (archaic) grandchild
Compounds
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 孫 (MC swon). Recorded as Middle Korean 손 (swon) (Yale: swon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
Compounds
References
Vietnamese
Han character
孫: Hán Việt readings: tôn[1][2][3], tốn[1]
孫: Nôm readings: cháu[4], tuôn[3]
grandchild