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U+5BD2, 寒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BD2

CJK Unified Ideographs
See also:

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 40, +9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十廿金卜 (JTCY), four-corner 30303, composition 𡨄(GTJV) or 𡨄(K))

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 289, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7239
  • Dae Jaweon: page 572, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 941, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5BD2

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𡫾
𡫜
𡫮

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (house) + (person) + (grass) – a person in a house, sleeping in the grass to protect from the cold. In some bronze inscriptions, is added at the bottom of the character; this may simply be decorative or may represent a mat. In the seal script, is changed to (“ice”) to emphasize its meaning of coldness.

Contrast 宿.

Etymology

Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • hàng - “cold; poor; to fear”;
  • gàng - “affected by the cold; chilled”.
Note:
  • hân - literary;
  • kôaⁿ - vernacular;
  • gân - vernacular (俗).
Note:
  • hang5 - literary;
  • guan5 - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter han
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɑn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦɑn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦan/
Li
Rong
/ɣɑn/
Wang
Li
/ɣɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ɣɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hon4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hán
Middle
Chinese
‹ han ›
Old
Chinese
/*Cə.ˁa/
English cold

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4870
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡaːn/

Definitions

  1. cold; wintry; chilly
  2. poor; poverty-stricken
  3. humble; petty and low
  4. desolate; deserted
  5. dreary; miserable
  6. withered; limp
  7. (humble) my
      ―  hánshè  ―  (one's own) humble home
  8. to feel cold
  9. to fear; to dread
  10. winter
  11. cold weather; cold day or night
  12. (traditional Chinese medicine) cold; chill
  13. (~日) (telegraphy) the fourteenth day of a month

Synonyms

  • (cold): (lěng)

Compounds

Further reading

Japanese

Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]

寒󠄁
+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
寒󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. cold

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
かん
Grade: 3
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC han).

The basic cold sense as an affix is attested from some of the earliest texts in the 700s CE.[2] Use as an independent noun is first attested in a text from roughly 900 CE.[2]

Pronunciation

Affix

(かん) (kan

  1. cold, chilly
  2. (by extension) poor, poverty-stricken
  3. midwinter, cold season

Derived terms

Noun

(かん) (kan

  1. cold, coldness
  2. midwinter, cold season
    • a haiku by Matsuo Bashō:
      (かん)(ざけ)も (くう)()(やせ)も (かん)(うち)
      kanzake mo Kūya no yase mo kan no uchi
      Salted salmon too, also Kūya's thinning too, in the cold season

References

  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 685 (paper), page 392 (digital)
  2. 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC han). Recorded as Middle Korean (han) (Yale: han) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (chal han))

  1. hanja form? of (cold; chilly)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: hàn (()(can)(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
: Nôm readings: hàn[1][2][4][6]

  1. chữ Hán form of hàn (coldness).

References