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寒. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
寒, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
寒 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
寒 you have here. The definition of the word
寒 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
寒, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
寒 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十廿金卜 (JTCY), four-corner 30303, composition ⿱𡨄⺀(GTJV) or ⿱𡨄冫(K))
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 289, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7239
- Dae Jaweon: page 572, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 941, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5BD2
Chinese
Glyph origin
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Old Chinese
|
寒
|
*ɡaːn
|
蹇
|
*kranʔ, *kanʔ
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謇
|
*kranʔ
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搴
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*kranʔ, *kʰran
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藆
|
*kranʔ
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騫
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*kʰran
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褰
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*kʰran
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攐
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*kʰran
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鑳
|
*ɡranʔ
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寋
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*ɡanʔ
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鶱
|
*qʰan
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Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 人 (“person”) + 茻 (“grass”) – a person in a house, sleeping in the grass to protect from the cold. In some bronze inscriptions, 二 is added at the bottom of the character; this may simply be decorative or may represent a mat. In the seal script, 二 is changed to 仌 (“ice”) to emphasize its meaning of coldness.
Contrast 宿.
Etymology
Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Note:
- hàng - “cold; poor; to fear”;
- gàng - “affected by the cold; chilled”.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
- hân - literary;
- kôaⁿ - vernacular;
- gân - vernacular (俗).
Note:
- hang5 - literary;
- guan5 - vernacular.
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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寒
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Reading #
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1/1
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
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hán
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Middle Chinese
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‹ han ›
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Old Chinese
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/*Cə.ˁa/
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English
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cold
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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寒
|
Reading #
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1/1
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No.
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4870
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Phonetic component
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寒
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Rime group
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元
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Rime subdivision
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1
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Corresponding MC rime
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寒
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Old Chinese
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/*ɡaːn/
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Definitions
寒
- cold; wintry; chilly
- poor; poverty-stricken
- humble; petty and low
- desolate; deserted
- dreary; miserable
- withered; limp
- (humble) my
- 寒舍 ― hánshè ― (one's own) humble home
- to feel cold
- to fear; to dread
- winter
- cold weather; cold day or night
- (traditional Chinese medicine) cold; chill
- (~日) (telegraphy) the fourteenth day of a month
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
冷 (“cold”)
Variety
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Location
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Words
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Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
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冷, 寒冷 weather
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Northeastern Mandarin
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Beijing
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冷
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Taiwan
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冷
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Singapore
|
冷
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Jilu Mandarin
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Jinan
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冷
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Jiaoliao Mandarin
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Yantai (Muping)
|
冷
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Central Plains Mandarin
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Luoyang
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冷
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Wanrong
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冷
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Xi'an
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冷
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Lanyin Mandarin
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Yinchuan
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冷
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Southwestern Mandarin
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Chengdu
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冷, 凊 very cold
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Wuhan
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冷, 冷凊 weather
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Guilin
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冷
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Liuzhou
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冷, 凊
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Jianghuai Mandarin
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Yangzhou
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冷
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Hefei
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冷
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Cantonese
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Guangzhou
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凍, 冷
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Hong Kong
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凍, 冷 weather
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Taishan
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冷
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Yangjiang
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凍, 冷 weather
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Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
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凍
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Singapore (Guangfu)
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凍
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Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
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凍
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Gan
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Nanchang
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冷
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Lichuan
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冷
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Hakka
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Meixian
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冷
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Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
冷, 寒
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Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
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冷, 寒人
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Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
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冷
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Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
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冷, 寒
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Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
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冷, 寒
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Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
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冷, 寒
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Huizhou
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Jixi
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冷, 凍
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Jin
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Taiyuan
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冷
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Northern Min
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Jian'ou
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凊, 鎮 very cold
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Eastern Min
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Fuzhou
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凊, 凍
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Southern Min
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Xiamen
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冷, 凊, 寒 weather
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Quanzhou
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冷, 凊, 寒
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Shishi
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寒
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Zhangzhou
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冷, 凊, 寒
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Zhao'an
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寒
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Dongshan
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寒
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Taipei
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冷, 凊, 寒
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Penang (Hokkien)
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冷, 寒 weather, 凊
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Singapore (Hokkien)
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冷, 寒 weather
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Manila (Hokkien)
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冷, 寒, 凊
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Chaozhou
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凝, 寒 weather, 凊
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Shantou
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凝, 寒, 凊, 冷
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Shantou (Chenghai)
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凝, 凊
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Shantou (Chaoyang)
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凝
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Jieyang
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凝, 凊
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Singapore (Teochew)
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凝
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Wenchang
|
寒
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Qionghai
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寒
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Singapore (Hainanese)
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凊, 寒 weather
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Wu
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Shanghai
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冷
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Shanghai (Chongming)
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冷
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Suzhou
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冷, 凍 weather
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Danyang
|
冷
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Hangzhou
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冷
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Ningbo
|
冷
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Wenzhou
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冷, 凍
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Lishui
|
冷
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Jinhua
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冷
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Yushan
|
凊
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Xiang
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Changsha
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冷, 凊 very cold
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Shuangfeng
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冷, 凊 very cold
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Compounds
Further reading
Japanese
Shinjitai
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寒
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Kyūjitai [1]
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寒󠄁 寒+󠄁 ? (Adobe-Japan1)
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寒󠄃 寒+󠄃 ? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
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The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.
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Kanji
寒
(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
- cold
Readings
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 寒 (MC han).
The basic cold sense as an affix is attested from some of the earliest texts in the 700s CE.[2] Use as an independent noun is first attested in a text from roughly 900 CE.[2]
Pronunciation
Affix
寒 • (kan)
- cold, chilly
- (by extension) poor, poverty-stricken
- midwinter, cold season
Derived terms
Noun
寒 • (kan)
- cold, coldness
- midwinter, cold season
- a haiku by Matsuo Bashō:
- 干鮭も 空也の痩も 寒の内
- kanzake mo Kūya no yase mo kan no uchi
- Salted salmon too, also Kūya's thinning too, in the cold season
References
- ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 685 (paper), page 392 (digital)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 寒 (MC han). Recorded as Middle Korean 한 (han) (Yale: han) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Wikisource
寒 (eumhun 찰 한 (chal han))
- hanja form? of 한 (“cold; chilly”)
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
寒: Hán Việt readings: hàn (河干切)[1][2][3][4][5]
寒: Nôm readings: hàn[1][2][4][6]
- chữ Hán form of hàn (“coldness”).
References