寒冷

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Chinese

cold; poor; to tremble cold
trad. (寒冷) 寒 冷
simp. #(寒冷) 寒 冷

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 寒 冷 冷
Reading # 1/1 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 匣 (33) 來 (37) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 寒 (61) 庚 (109) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) I II IV
Fanqie 胡安切 魯打切 力鼎切
Baxter han laengX lengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɑn/ /lˠæŋX/ /leŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦɑn/ /lᵚaŋX/ /leŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɑn/ /laŋX/ /lɛŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦan/ /laɨjŋX/ /lɛjŋX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɑn/ /lɐŋX/ /leŋX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣɑn/ /lɐŋX/ /lieŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣɑn/ /lɐŋX/ /lieŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hán lěng lǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hon4 lang5 ling5

Adjective

寒冷

  1. (weather) cold; freezing
    室外非常寒冷，大家都把身體蜷縮起來保暖。 [MSC, trad.]
    室外非常寒冷，大家都把身体蜷缩起来保暖。 [MSC, simp.]
    Shìwài fēicháng hánlěng, dàjiā dōu bǎ shēntǐ quánsuō qǐlai bǎonuǎn.
    It's freezing outside, everyone huddle together to keep warm.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 冷 (“cold”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 冷, 寒冷 weather
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 冷
Taiwan 冷
Singapore 冷
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 冷
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 冷
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 冷
Wanrong 冷
Xi'an 冷
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 冷
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 冷, 凊 very cold
Wuhan 冷, 冷凊 weather
Guilin 冷
Liuzhou 冷, 凊
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 冷
Hefei 冷
Cantonese Guangzhou 凍, 冷
Hong Kong 凍, 冷 weather
Taishan 冷
Yangjiang 凍, 冷 weather
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 凍
Singapore (Guangfu) 凍
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 凍
Gan Nanchang 冷
Lichuan 冷
Hakka Meixian 冷
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 冷, 寒
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 冷, 寒人
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 冷
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 冷, 寒
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 冷, 寒
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 冷, 寒
Huizhou Jixi 冷, 凍
Jin Taiyuan 冷
Northern Min Jian'ou 凊, 鎮 very cold
Eastern Min Fuzhou 凊, 凍
Southern Min Xiamen 冷, 凊, 寒 weather
Quanzhou 冷, 凊, 寒
Shishi 寒
Zhangzhou 冷, 凊, 寒
Zhao'an 寒
Dongshan 寒
Taipei 冷, 凊, 寒
Penang (Hokkien) 冷, 寒 weather, 凊
Singapore (Hokkien) 冷, 寒 weather
Manila (Hokkien) 冷, 寒, 凊
Chaozhou 凝, 寒 weather, 凊
Shantou 凝, 寒, 凊, 冷
Shantou (Chenghai) 凝, 凊
Shantou (Chaoyang) 凝
Jieyang 凝, 凊
Singapore (Teochew) 凝
Wenchang 寒
Qionghai 寒
Singapore (Hainanese) 凊, 寒 weather
Wu Shanghai 冷
Shanghai (Chongming) 冷
Suzhou 冷, 凍 weather
Danyang 冷
Hangzhou 冷
Ningbo 冷
Wenzhou 冷, 凍
Lishui 冷
Jinhua 冷
Yushan 凊
Xiang Changsha 冷, 凊 very cold
Shuangfeng 冷, 凊 very cold

Antonyms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (寒冷):
  • → Japanese: 寒冷(かんれい) (kanrei)
  • → Korean: 한랭(寒冷) (hallaeng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
寒 冷
かん
Grade: 3 		れい
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Adjective

寒(かん)冷(れい) • (kanrei) -na (adnominal 寒(かん)冷(れい)な (kanrei na), adverbial 寒(かん)冷(れい)に (kanrei ni))

  1. cold
    • 1948, 海野十三, 三十年後の世界:
      表面(ひょうめん)は寒冷(かんれい)でも中(なか)はずっと暖(あたた)かいからね。
      Hyōmen wa kanrei demo naka wa zutto atatakai kara ne.
      The surface is cold but the inside is always warm, you see.

Inflection

Inflection of 寒冷
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 寒冷だろ かんれいだろ kanrei daro
Continuative (連用形) 寒冷で かんれいで kanrei de
Terminal (終止形) 寒冷だ かんれいだ kanrei da
Attributive (連体形) 寒冷な かんれいな kanrei na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 寒冷なら かんれいなら kanrei nara
Imperative (命令形) 寒冷であれ かんれいであれ kanrei de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 寒冷ではない
寒冷じゃない 		かんれいではない
かんれいじゃない 		kanrei de wa nai
kanrei ja nai
Informal past 寒冷だった かんれいだった kanrei datta
Informal negative past 寒冷ではなかった
寒冷じゃなかった 		かんれいではなかった
かんれいじゃなかった 		kanrei de wa nakatta
kanrei ja nakatta
Formal 寒冷です かんれいです kanrei desu
Formal negative 寒冷ではありません
寒冷じゃありません 		かんれいではありません
かんれいじゃありません 		kanrei de wa arimasen
kanrei ja arimasen
Formal past 寒冷でした かんれいでした kanrei deshita
Formal negative past 寒冷ではありませんでした
寒冷じゃありませんでした 		かんれいではありませんでした
かんれいじゃありませんでした 		kanrei de wa arimasen deshita
kanrei ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 寒冷で かんれいで kanrei de
Conditional 寒冷なら（ば） かんれいなら（ば） kanrei nara (ba)
Provisional 寒冷だったら かんれいだったら kanrei dattara
Volitional 寒冷だろう かんれいだろう kanrei darō
Adverbial 寒冷に かんれいに kanrei ni
Degree 寒冷さ かんれいさ kanreisa

Noun

寒(かん)冷(れい) • (kanrei) 

  1. chill, chilliness
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