届く

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
届
とど
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
屆く (kyūjitai)
Japanese verb pair
active 届(とど)ける
mediopassive 届(とど)く

Shift from tozuku below.[1]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「届く」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		届く とどく
Imperative (命令形) 届け とどけ
Key constructions
Passive 届かれる とどかれる
Causative 届かせる とどかせる
Potential - - -
Volitional 届こう とどこー
Negative 届かない とどかない
Negative perfective 届かなかった とどかなかった
Formal 届きます とどきます
Perfective 届いた とどいた
Conjunctive 届いて とどいて
Hypothetical conditional 届けば とどけば

Verb

届(とど)く • (todoku) intransitive godan (stem 届(とど)き (todoki), past 届(とど)いた (todoita))

  1. (literal or figurative) to reach
    手(て)の届(とど)かないところ
    te no todokanai tokoro
    where the hand can't reach
    手(て)の届(とど)かない存在(そんざい)
    te no todokanai sonzai
    existence that is out of reach; a different realm
    届(とど)かない思(おも)い
    todokanai omoi
    feelings that do not make it to someone
Conjugation
Conjugation of "届く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 届か とどか todoka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 届き とどき todoki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 届く とどく todoku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 届く とどく todoku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 届け とどけ todoke
Meireikei ("imperative") 届け とどけ todoke
Key constructions
Passive 届かれる とどかれる todokareru
Causative 届かせる
届かす 		とどかせる
とどかす 		todokaseru
todokasu
Potential 届ける とどける todokeru
Volitional 届こう とどこう todokō
Negative 届かない とどかない todokanai
Negative continuative 届かず とどかず todokazu
Formal 届きます とどきます todokimasu
Perfective 届いた とどいた todoita
Conjunctive 届いて とどいて todoite
Hypothetical conditional 届けば とどけば todokeba
Classical conjugation of "届く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 届か とどか todoka
Continuative (連用形) 届き とどき todoki
Terminal (終止形) 届く とどく todoku
Attributive (連体形) 届く とどく todoku
Realis (已然形) 届け とどけ todoke
Imperative (命令形) 届け とどけ todoke
Key constructions
Negative 届かず とどかず todokazu
Contrasting conjunction 届けど とどけど todokedo
Causal conjunction 届けば とどけば todokeba
Conditional conjunction 届かば とどかば todokaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 届きき とどきき todokiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 届きけり とどきけり todokikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 届きつ とどきつ todokitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 届きぬ とどきぬ todokinu
Perfect-continuative tense 届けり
届きたり		 とどけり
とどきたり		 todokeri
todokitari
Volitional 届かむ とどかむ todokamu

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
届
とず
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
屆く (kyūjitai)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[7] From Proto-Japonic *tontoku.

Verb

届(とず)く • (tozuku) ←とづく (toduku)?intransitive †yodan

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of 届く (todoku)
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "届く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 届か とづか toduka
Continuative (連用形) 届き とづき toduki
Terminal (終止形) 届く とづく toduku
Attributive (連体形) 届く とづく toduku
Realis (已然形) 届け とづけ toduke
Imperative (命令形) 届け とづけ toduke
Key constructions
Negative 届かず とづかず todukazu
Contrasting conjunction 届けど とづけど todukedo
Causal conjunction 届けば とづけば todukeba
Conditional conjunction 届かば とづかば todukaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 届きき とづきき todukiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 届きけり とづきけり todukikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 届きつ とづきつ todukitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 届きぬ とづきぬ todukinu
Perfect-continuative tense 届けり
届きたり		 とづけり
とづきたり		 todukeri
todukitari
Volitional 届かむ とづかむ todukamu

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
届
とず
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
屆く (kyūjitai)

Verb

届(とず)く • (tozuku) ←とづく (toduku)?transitive †nidan

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of 届ける (todokeru)
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "届く" (カ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 届け とづけ toduke
Continuative (連用形) 届け とづけ toduke
Terminal (終止形) 届く とづく toduku
Attributive (連体形) 届くる とづくる todukuru
Realis (已然形) 届くれ とづくれ todukure
Imperative (命令形) 届けよ とづけよ todukeyo
Key constructions
Negative 届けず とづけず todukezu
Contrasting conjunction 届くれど とづくれど todukuredo
Causal conjunction 届くれば とづくれば todukureba
Conditional conjunction 届けば とづけば todukeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 届けき とづけき todukeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 届けけり とづけけり todukekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 届けつ とづけつ toduketu
Perfect tense (natural event) 届けぬ とづけぬ todukenu
Perfect-continuative tense 届けたり とづけたり toduketari
Volitional 届けむ とづけむ todukemu

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  6. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
  7. ^ “届”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
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