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崖 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 山一土土 (UMGG), four-corner 22214, composition ⿱山厓 or ⿸屵圭)
simp. and trad. |
崖 | |
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alternative forms | 崕 厓 𪞢 |
Historical forms of the character 崖 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Old Chinese | |
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街 | *kreː, *kreː |
鞋 | *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː |
娾 | *ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ |
佳 | *kreː |
鮭 | *ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
涯 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
崖 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
啀 | *ŋreː |
厓 | *ŋreː |
捱 | *ŋreː |
睚 | *ŋreːs |
娃 | *qreː |
洼 | *qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː |
哇 | *qreː, *qʷraː |
胿 | *ɡeː, *kʷeː |
溎 | *qeːns |
觟 | *ɡʷraːʔ |
黊 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː |
蘳 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe |
蛙 | *qʷraː, *qʷreː |
窪 | *qʷraː |
卦 | *kʷreːs |
挂 | *kʷreːs |
掛 | *kʷreːs |
詿 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs |
罣 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs |
絓 | *kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs |
鼃 | *ɢʷreː, *qʷreː |
圭 | *kʷeː |
珪 | *kʷeː |
邽 | *kʷeː |
閨 | *kʷeː |
袿 | *kʷeː |
窐 | *kʷeː, *ɡʷeː |
茥 | *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
桂 | *kʷeːs |
筀 | *kʷeːs |
奎 | *kʰʷeː |
刲 | *kʰʷeː |
蝰 | *kʰʷeː |
楏 | *kʰʷeː |
睳 | *qʰʷeː |
畦 | *ɡʷeː |
眭 | *ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi |
烓 | *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ |
跬 | *kʰʷeʔ |
恚 | *qʷes |
硅 | *qʰʷreɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋreː, *ŋre) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 厓 (OC *ŋreː, “cliff”).
Alternatively analyzed as Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋreː, *ŋre) : semantic 屵 (“cliff”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː). In this case, its proto-form could be 屵.
Originally, the phonetic component is not related to the concept of earth (土) since in its original form it represents a pair of ritual axes perhaps made of jade 士. Hence, the link to the concept of earth in this character, 厓 and 街 either comes from folk etymology or its appearence in the Small Seal script.
Same word as 睚 (OC *ŋreːs, “rim of the eye”) and 涯 (OC *ŋreː, *ŋre, “shore, bank”) (Schuessler, 2007). See the latter for etymology.
崖
Kanji in this term |
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崖 |
がい Grade: S |
kan'on |
Alternative spelling |
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崕 |
From Middle Chinese 崖 (MC ngje|ngea, “cliff, precipice”). Not attested in isolation. First attested in compound 崖岸 (gaigan, “cliff shore, cliff bank”) in 900.[1]
Kanji in this term |
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崖 |
がけ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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厓 |
Shift from older pronunciation kake. First attested in 1280.[2]
May be a shift in usage from compounding element kake as in the synonymous terms 懸路 (kakeji), 懸道 (kakemichi, “cliff road, steep mountain road”),[2] where the kake comes from verb 懸ける (kakeru, “to set into; to set across”), from the way the road would be set into the cliff or mountain.
The change from kake to gake apparently happened some time during the Edo period (1603–1868). This term is recorded as Caqe (then-current Portuguese orthography for modern romanization kake) in the 1603 Nippo Jisho Japanese-Portuguese dictionary.[3]
Kanji in this term |
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崖 |
まま Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Further derivation unclear.
First attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.[2]
Modern references either omit this reading entirely or provide no pitch accent information for this reading, suggesting that it might be archaic or even obsolete in modern usage.[4][5][6]
Kanji in this term |
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崖 |
ほき Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Derivation unclear. First attested in the late 1100s.[2]
Modern references either omit this reading entirely or provide no pitch accent information for this reading, suggesting that it might be archaic or even obsolete in modern usage.[4][5][6]
Kanji in this term |
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崖 |
きし Grade: S |
nanori |
Probably from 岸 (kishi, “shore, bank (of a body of water)”).
From Middle Chinese 崖 (MC ngea). Recorded as Middle Korean 애 (ay) (Yale: ay) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
崖: Hán Nôm readings: nhai, day
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