. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
you have here. The definition of the word
will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order
Han character
己 (Kangxi radical 49, 己 +0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸山 (SU ), four-corner 17717 , composition ⿳𠃍 一 乚 )
Kangxi radical #49, ⼰ .
Shuowen Jiezi radical №518
Derived characters
Appendix:Chinese radical/己
𠯇 , 圮 , 妃 , 𭒼 , 屺 , 忋 , 𢩵 , 𣲆 , 𣅗 , 杞 , 𬉺 , 玘 , 𥐦 , 䄫 , 𬡆 , 紀 (纪 ), 記 (记 ), 起 , 𨊲 , 配 , 𨥈 , 𮧷 , 魢 (鱾 ), 𩾩
邔 , 妀 , 改 , 𣢇 , 䪱 , 𩾠 , 𠮯 , 㞯 , 异 , 忌 , 𤆔 , 岂 , 芑 , 𥫟 , 䨽 , 𩫻 , 㽶 , 𠃚
包 ( Japanese form )
Descendants
Further reading
Wikisource
Kangxi Dictionary: page 326 , character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8742
Dae Jaweon: page 630, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 983, character 5
Unihan data for U+5DF1
Baekje
Noun
己 (*kɨ ) (Nihon shoki 基 or 紀 )
walled settlement
Synonyms: 忽 ( xol ) , サシ ( casI )
Descendants
References
John Bentley (2000 ) “New Look at Paekche and Korean: Data from Nihon shoki”, in Language Research , volume 36 , number 2, Seoul National University, pages 417—443
Alexander Vovin (2005 ) “Koguryo and Paekche: Different Languages or Dialects of Old Korean?”, in Journal of Inner and East Asian Studies , volume 2, number 2, Koguryo Research Foundation, pages 108—140
Alexander Vovin (2013 ) “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics , volume 15 , number 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 222—240
Chinese
Glyph origin
Old Chinese
改
*klɯːʔ
跽
*ɡrɯʔ
己
*kɯʔ
紀
*kɯʔ
妀
*kɯʔ
記
*kɯs
杞
*kʰɯʔ
屺
*kʰɯʔ
芑
*kʰɯʔ
邔
*kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs
玘
*kʰɯʔ
忌
*ɡɯs
鵋
*ɡɯs
誋
*ɡɯs
梞
*ɡɯs
Pictogram (象形 ) – silk rope for binding objects. Original form of 紀 (OC *kɯʔ ). The character must not be confused with 已 and 巳 .
Etymology
Unknown (Schuessler, 2007 ).
Pronunciation 1
Note : kī - vernacular, kí - literary.
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
己
己
Reading #
1/2
2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
jǐ
jǐ
Middle Chinese
‹ kiX ›
‹ kiX ›
Old Chinese
/*k(r)əʔ/
/*k(r)əʔ/
English
6th heavenly stem
self
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
己
Reading #
1/1
No.
5765
Phonetic component
己
Rime group
之
Rime subdivision
0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese
/*kɯʔ/
Definitions
己
self ; oneself
personal ; private
the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
a surname
Coordinate terms
Compounds
Descendants
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
己
Only used in 潮州音樂——自己顧自己 / 潮州音乐——自己顾自己 .
Japanese
Kanji
己
(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji )
itself , oneself
Readings
Go-on : こ ( ko , Jōyō )
Kan-on : き ( ki , Jōyō )
Kun : おのれ ( onore , 己 , Jōyō ) 、おの ( ono , 己 ) 、おれ ( ore , 己 ) 、おら ( ora , 己 ) 、うぬ ( unu , 己 ) 、うら ( ura , 己 ) 、おどれ ( odore , 己 ) 、つちのと ( tsuchinoto , 己 )
Nanori : おと ( oto ) 、な ( na ) 、み ( mi )
Compounds
Usage notes
Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE ) as 借音 ( shakuon ) kana for ⟨ko2 ⟩ and ⟨go2 ⟩ .
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 己 (MC kiX ).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
己( き ) • (Ki )
the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
Hypernyms: 天干 ( tenkan ) , 十干 ( jikkan )
Coordinate terms: 甲 , 乙 , 丙 , 丁 , 戊 , 己 , 庚 , 辛 , 壬 , 癸
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Originally a compound of 土 ( tsuchi , “ earth ” , one of the Chinese five elements ) + の ( no , possessive particle ) + 弟 ( oto , “ younger brother ” ) .
Pronunciation
Proper noun
己( つちのと ) • (Tsuchinoto )
the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
Hypernyms: 天干 ( tenkan ) , 十干 ( jikkan )
Coordinate terms: 甲 , 乙 , 丙 , 丁 , 戊 , 己 , 庚 , 辛 , 壬 , 癸
Etymology 3
From 己 ( ono , reflexive or first-person pronoun, see below) + れ ( re , “ thing ” , demonstrative nominalizer ending ) .
Pronunciation
Pronoun
己( おのれ ) • (onore )
reflexive pronoun : oneself
( humble , dated ) first-person pronoun : I , me
( derogatory ) second-person pronoun : you ( Can we verify (+ ) this sense?)
Synonyms: お前 ( omae ) , 貴様 ( kisama )
Derived terms
See also
a-/wa-“I, we” (first person)
na-/-ma-“you, ye, thou” (second person)
k-“this” (close to speaker)
s-“that” (close to listener)
a-/ka-“that over there” (far from both)
i-/ta-/nani-“who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative)
ono-“oneself” (reflexive)
Person
あ ( a ) あれ ( are ) わ ( wa ) われ ( ware ) まろ ( maro )
な ( na ) なれ ( nare ) なんぢ ( nanji ) まし ( mashi ) いまし ( imashi ) みまし ( mimashi ) きみ ( kimi )
こ ( ko ) これ ( kore )
そ ( so ) それ ( sore )
あ ( a ) あれ ( are ) か ( ka ) かれ ( kare )
た ( ta ) たれ ( tare ) なにがし ( nanigashi )
おの ( ono ) おのれ ( onore )
Thing
こ ( ko ) これ ( kore )
そ ( so ) それ ( sore )
あ ( a ) あれ ( are ) か ( ka ) かれ ( kare )
いづれ ( izure ) なに ( nani )
Location
ここ ( koko )
そこ ( soko )
あしこ ( ashiko ) かしこ ( kashiko )
いづく ( izuku ) いづこ ( izuko ) いどこ ( idoko ) どこ ( doko )
Direction
こち ( kochi ) こなた ( konata )
そち ( sochi ) そなた ( sonata )
あち ( achi ) あなた ( anata ) かなた ( kanata )
いづち ( izuchi ) いづら ( izura ) いづかた ( izukata )
Manner
か ( ka ) かく ( kaku ) かくて ( kakute ) かう ( kō )
さ ( sa ) さて ( sate ) しか ( shika )
いか ( ika )
Time
いつ ( itsu )
Adverb
己( おのれ ) • (onore )
by oneself
Synonyms: 自然に ( shizen ni ) , 独りでに ( hitori de ni )
Interjection
己( おのれ ) • (onore )
An interjection expressing anger or chagrin
Etymology 4
Seemingly akin to Miyako っゔぁ ( vva , 2nd person singular pronoun ) .
See also うぬ ( unu ) and うな ( una ) .
Pronunciation
Pronoun
己( おの ) • (ono )
reflexive pronoun : oneself
first-person pronoun : I , me
Synonyms: 私 ( watakushi ) , 我 ( ware )
Derived terms
See also
a-/wa-“I, we” (first person)
na-/-ma-“you, ye, thou” (second person)
k-“this” (close to speaker)
s-“that” (close to listener)
a-/ka-“that over there” (far from both)
i-/ta-/nani-“who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative)
ono-“oneself” (reflexive)
Person
あ ( a ) あれ ( are ) わ ( wa ) われ ( ware ) まろ ( maro )
な ( na ) なれ ( nare ) なんぢ ( nanji ) まし ( mashi ) いまし ( imashi ) みまし ( mimashi ) きみ ( kimi )
こ ( ko ) これ ( kore )
そ ( so ) それ ( sore )
あ ( a ) あれ ( are ) か ( ka ) かれ ( kare )
た ( ta ) たれ ( tare ) なにがし ( nanigashi )
おの ( ono ) おのれ ( onore )
Thing
こ ( ko ) これ ( kore )
そ ( so ) それ ( sore )
あ ( a ) あれ ( are ) か ( ka ) かれ ( kare )
いづれ ( izure ) なに ( nani )
Location
ここ ( koko )
そこ ( soko )
あしこ ( ashiko ) かしこ ( kashiko )
いづく ( izuku ) いづこ ( izuko ) いどこ ( idoko ) どこ ( doko )
Direction
こち ( kochi ) こなた ( konata )
そち ( sochi ) そなた ( sonata )
あち ( achi ) あなた ( anata ) かなた ( kanata )
いづち ( izuchi ) いづら ( izura ) いづかた ( izukata )
Manner
か ( ka ) かく ( kaku ) かくて ( kakute ) かう ( kō )
さ ( sa ) さて ( sate ) しか ( shika )
いか ( ika )
Time
いつ ( itsu )
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
Pronoun
己( おれ ) • (ore )
Alternative spelling of 俺 ( ore ) : first-person pronoun : I , me
Derived terms
Etymology 6
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium .)
Pronoun
己( おら ) • (ora )
first-person pronoun : I , me
Etymology 7
Sound shift from ono (see above).[ 1]
Pronunciation
Pronunciation for pronoun senses unknown.
Pronoun
己( うぬ ) • (unu )
second-person pronoun : you
reflexive pronoun : oneself
Synonym: 自分自身 ( jibun-jishin )
Derived terms
Interjection
己( うぬ ) • (unu )
( vulgar ) you !; you blockhead !
Etymology 8
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium .)
Pronoun
己( うら ) • (ura )
first-person pronoun : I , me
Etymology 9
Sound shift from onore (see above).[ 1]
Pronoun
己( おどれ ) • (odore )
second-person pronoun : you
Synonyms: 己 ( unu ) , 貴様 ( kisama )
References
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Matsumura, Akira , editor (2006 ), 大辞林 [Daijirin ] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo : Sanseidō , →ISBN
↑ 2.0 2.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011 ), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten ] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo : Sanseidō , →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
己 (eumhun 자기 기 ( jagi gi ) )
hanja form? of 기 ( “ self ” )
Vietnamese
Han character
己 : Hán Nôm readings: kỷ , kỉ , kỳ
chữ Hán form of Kỉ ( “ sixth of the ten heavenly stems ” ) .
Hypernyms: 天干 , 十干
Coordinate terms: 甲 , 乙 , 丙 , 丁 , 戊 , 己 , 庚 , 辛 , 壬 , 癸
chữ Hán form of kỉ ( “ self ” ) .
Compounds