干戈

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Chinese

shield spear
simp. and trad.
(干戈) 		干 戈

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 干 戈
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 寒 (61) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 古寒切 古禾切
Baxter kan kwa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑn/ /kuɑ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑn/ /kuɑ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑn/ /kuɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kan/ /kwa/
Li
Rong 		/kɑn/ /kuɑ/
Wang
Li 		/kɑn/ /kuɑ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɑn/ /kuɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gān guō
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gon1 gwo1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 干 戈
Reading # 2/4 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gān gē
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kan › ‹ kwa ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁa/ /*kʷˁaj/
English shield (n.) dagger-axe

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 干 戈
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 3570 3831
Phonetic
component 		干 戈
Rime
group 		元 歌
Rime
subdivision 		1 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		干 戈
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːn/ /*koːl/

Noun

干戈

  1. the weapons of war; arms
  2. (figurative) the chaos of war; battle; warfare

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (干戈):

Japanese

Kanji in this term
干 戈
かん
Grade: 6 		か
Hyōgai
on'yomi

Etymology

/kankwa/ → /kanka/

From Middle Chinese compound 干戈 (kan kwa, literally “shield + polearm, spear”).

Pronunciation

Noun

干(かん)戈(か) • (kanka) ←かんくわ (kankwa)?

  1. literally “shields and spears”: a metaphor for weaponry or military force
  2. conflict

Idioms

Idioms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
干戈

Noun

干戈 • (gan'gwa) (hangeul 간과)

  1. hanja form? of 간과 (“battle; warfare”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
干戈

Noun

干戈

  1. chữ Hán form of can qua (“battle; warfare”).
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