幽
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Translingual
Han character
幽 (Kangxi radical 52, 幺+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山女戈戈 (UVII), four-corner 22770, composition ⿻山𢆶)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 342, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9205
- Dae Jaweon: page 651, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1094, character 8
- Unihan data for U+5E7D
Chinese
| trad. | 幽 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 幽 | |
| 2nd round simp. | ⿶凵又 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 幽 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯw) : phonetic 𢆶 () + semantic 山 (originally 火 in oracle bone).
Etymology
Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Mru (iu ~ ʔiu, “dark”) (Löffler, 1966); possibly also related to Tibetan གཡོག (g.yog, “to cover”) and གཡོགས (g.yogs, “lid”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Related to 黝 (yǒu), 窅 (yǎo), 杳 (yǎo), 穾 (yào), 窔 (yào).
Allofam is probably 窈窕 (OC *qiːwʔ l'eːwʔ) (ibid.).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jau1
- Northern Min (KCR): iú
- Eastern Min (BUC): hiŭ
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1ieu / 5ieu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: you
- Wade–Giles: yu1
- Yale: yōu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iou
- Palladius: ю (ju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jau1
- Yale: yāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: jau1
- Guangdong Romanization: yeo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iú
- Sinological IPA (key): /iu⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hiŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /hieu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: iu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /iu⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Note: 5ieu - (Ningbonese) verb, to hide (oneself).
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: 'jiw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*(r)iw/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qɯw/
Definitions
幽
- dim; dark
- deep and remote
- hidden; concealed
- bottled up
- quiet; tranquil
- to confine; to imprison
- netherworld; nether; nether-
- a surname
- (Yongjiang Wu, Linshao Wu) to hide oneself; to conceal oneself
Synonyms
- (to hide):
Dialectal synonyms of 躲 (“to hide”)
Compounds
- 下喬入幽／下乔入幽
- 九幽
- 俯遂幽眇
- 八幽
- 周幽王
- 尋幽／寻幽
- 尋幽訪勝／寻幽访胜
- 幽人
- 幽冥 (yōumíng)
- 幽冥地府
- 幽冥戒 (Yōumíng jiè)
- 幽厲／幽厉
- 幽叢／幽丛
- 幽咽
- 幽囚
- 幽囚受辱
- 幽夢影／幽梦影
- 幽天
- 幽婚
- 幽婉
- 幽嫻／幽娴
- 幽客
- 幽宮／幽宫
- 幽寂
- 幽居 (yōujū)
- 幽巖／幽岩
- 幽州 (Yōuzhōu)
- 幽幽 (yōuyōu)
- 幽庸
- 幽微
- 幽怨 (yōuyuàn)
- 幽思 (yōusī)
- 幽情 (yōuqíng)
- 幽憂／幽忧
- 幽憤／幽愤 (yōufèn)
- 幽房
- 幽敞
- 幽敻
- 幽明
- 幽昌 (yōuchāng)
- 幽明異路／幽明异路
- 幽明錄／幽明录
- 幽昧
- 幽暗 (yōu'àn)
- 幽會／幽会 (yōuhuì)
- 幽期 (yōuqī)
- 幽期密約／幽期密约
- 幽棲巖谷／幽栖岩谷
- 幽殺／幽杀
- 幽流
- 幽浮 (yōufú)
- 幽深 (yōushēn)
- 幽特貝／幽特贝
- 幽獨／幽独
- 幽眇
- 幽真
- 幽禁 (yōujìn)
- 幽篁
- 幽絕／幽绝
- 幽美 (yōuměi)
- 幽若
- 幽蔽
- 幽蘭／幽兰
- 幽襟
- 幽谷 (yōugǔ)
- 幽趣
- 幽軋／幽轧
- 幽途
- 幽遠／幽远
- 幽邃 (yōusuì)
- 幽都 (yōudū)
- 幽門／幽门 (yōumén)
- 幽閉／幽闭 (yōubì)
- 幽閒／幽闲
- 幽闥／幽闼
- 幽險／幽险
- 幽雅 (yōuyǎ)
- 幽靈／幽灵 (yōulíng)
- 幽靈人口／幽灵人口
- 幽靈車／幽灵车
- 幽靜／幽静 (yōujìng)
- 幽顯異途／幽显异途
- 幽香 (yōuxiāng)
- 幽魂 (yōuhún)
- 幽默 (yōumò)
- 幽默感 (yōumògǎn)
- 弔古尋幽／吊古寻幽
- 思古幽情
- 懷古幽情／怀古幽情
- 探幽窮賾／探幽穷赜
- 探幽索隱／探幽索隐
- 曲徑通幽／曲径通幽
- 清幽 (qīngyōu)
- 無幽不燭／无幽不烛
- 空谷幽蘭／空谷幽兰
- 窮幽極微／穷幽极微
- 考績幽明／考绩幽明
- 藪幽／薮幽
- 訪古尋幽／访古寻幽
- 通幽洞微
- 闡幽／阐幽
- 黑色幽默 (hēisè yōumò)
- 黜陟幽明
References
- “幽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “幽”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 288.
Japanese
Kanji
幽
Readings
- Go-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)←いう (iu, historical)
- Kan-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)←いう (iu, historical)
- Kun: くらい (kurai, 幽い)、かすか (kasuka, 幽か)、かそけ (kasoke, 幽)
Compounds
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
幽 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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