建築
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See also: 建筑
Chinese
to establish; to found; to set up to establish; to found; to set up; to build; to construct |
build; five-string lute | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (建築) | 建 | 築 | |
| simp. (建筑) | 建 | 筑 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gin3 zuk1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): gióng-dé̤ṳk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ci-tsoq7
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiànjhù
- Wade–Giles: chien4-chu4
- Yale: jyàn-jù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannjuh
- Palladius: цзяньчжу (czjanʹčžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiànjhú
- Wade–Giles: chien4-chu2
- Yale: jyàn-jú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannjwu
- Palladius: цзяньчжу (czjanʹčžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
- Homophones:
建築／建筑
箭竹
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gin3 zuk1
- Yale: gin jūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: gin3 dzuk7
- Guangdong Romanization: gin3 zug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiːn³³ t͡sʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kien-chuk
- Hakka Romanization System: gien zugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian4 zug5
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯en⁵⁵ t͡suk̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kian-chuk
- Hakka Romanization System: gian zugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian4 zug5
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯an⁵⁵ t͡suk̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gióng-dé̤ṳk
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ (t-)nøyʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, variant in Taiwan, Penang, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn-tio̍k
- Tâi-lô: kiàn-tio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: kierndiok
- IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: giêng6 dog4 / giang6 dog4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiĕng tok / kiăng tok
- Sinological IPA (key): /kieŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ tok̚²/, /kiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ tok̚²/
Note:
- giêng6 dog4 - Chaozhou;
- giang6 dog4 - Shantou.
Verb
建築
- (literally or figuratively, transitive) to build; to construct; to erect (buildings and structures)
Synonyms
- 修建 (xiūjiàn)
- 修築／修筑 (xiūzhù)
- 塑建 (sùjiàn)
- 建構／建构 (jiàngòu) (something abstract)
- 建設／建设 (jiànshè)
- 建造 (jiànzào)
- 搭 (Hokkien)
- 搭建 (dājiàn)
- 搭蓋／搭盖 (dāgài) (a temporary structure)
- 搭設／搭设 (dāshè)
- 架構／架构 (jiàgòu)
- 構作／构作 (gòuzuò)
- 構建／构建 (gòujiàn) (something abstract)
- 構築／构筑 (gòuzhù)
- 構造／构造 (gòuzào)
- 營造／营造 (yíngzào)
- 版築／版筑 (bǎnzhù) (literary)
- 築／筑 (zhù) (literary, or in compounds)
- 築造／筑造 (zhùzào)
- 興修／兴修 (xīngxiū) (a large project)
- 興建／兴建 (xīngjiàn)
- 興築／兴筑 (xīngzhù) (literary)
- 起立 (qǐlì)
Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to build; to construct (a building)”)
Noun
建築
- (countable) building; structure; edifice (Classifier: 座)
- (uncountable) construction; building
- (countable, uncountable) architecture (Classifier: 座)
- (countable, figurative) structure; construction
Synonyms
Derived terms
- 上層建築／上层建筑 (shàngcéng jiànzhù)
- 古建築／古建筑 (gǔjiànzhù)
- 建材 (jiàncái)
- 建築學／建筑学 (jiànzhùxué)
- 建築工／建筑工 (jiànzhùgōng)
- 建築工地／建筑工地 (jiànzhù gōngdì)
- 建築師／建筑师 (jiànzhùshī)
- 建築材料／建筑材料 (jiànzhù cáiliào)
- 建築業／建筑业 (jiànzhùyè)
- 建築物／建筑物 (jiànzhùwù)
- 建築群／建筑群 (jiànzhùqún)
- 建築面積／建筑面积 (jiànzhù miànjī)
- 生態建築／生态建筑 (shēngtài jiànzhù)
- 綠色建築／绿色建筑 (lǜsè jiànzhù)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 建 | 築 |
| けん Grade: 4 |
ちく Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
Verb
建築する • (kenchiku suru) suru (stem 建築し (kenchiku shi), past 建築した (kenchiku shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "建築する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 建築し | けんちくし | kenchiku shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 建築し | けんちくし | kenchiku shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 建築する | けんちくする | kenchiku suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 建築する | けんちくする | kenchiku suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 建築すれ | けんちくすれ | kenchiku sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 建築せよ¹ 建築しろ² |
けんちくせよ¹ けんちくしろ² |
kenchiku seyo¹ kenchiku shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 建築される | けんちくされる | kenchiku sareru | |
| Causative | 建築させる 建築さす |
けんちくさせる けんちくさす |
kenchiku saseru kenchiku sasu | |
| Potential | 建築できる | けんちくできる | kenchiku dekiru | |
| Volitional | 建築しよう | けんちくしよう | kenchiku shiyō | |
| Negative | 建築しない | けんちくしない | kenchiku shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 建築せず | けんちくせず | kenchiku sezu | |
| Formal | 建築します | けんちくします | kenchiku shimasu | |
| Perfective | 建築した | けんちくした | kenchiku shita | |
| Conjunctive | 建築して | けんちくして | kenchiku shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 建築すれば | けんちくすれば | kenchiku sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 建 | 築 |
Noun
建築 • (geonchuk or McCune-Reischauer: kŏnch'uk or Yale: kenchwuk) (hangeul 건축)
- hanja form? of 건축 (“architecture”)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 建 | 築 |
Noun
建築
- chữ Hán form of kiến trúc (“architecture”).