引

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引 U+5F15, 引
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F15
← 弔
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 弖 →

Translingual

Stroke order
4 strokes

Han character

引 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓中 (NL), four-corner 12200, composition ⿰弓丨)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 356, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9699
  • Dae Jaweon: page 672, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 988, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5F15

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 引

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 引
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (引) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
紖 *l'inʔ
矧 *hlinʔ
訠 *hlinʔ
弞 *hlinʔ, *linʔ
引 *linʔ, *lins
蚓 *linʔ
鈏 *linʔ, *lins
靷 *linʔ, *lins

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 弓 (“bow”) + 丨 (“line”) – the line radical represents a bow string which is pulled.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Note:
  • íⁿ - vernacular;
  • ín - literary.
Rime
Character 引 引
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 眞 (43) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 余忍切 羊晉切
Baxter yinX yinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiɪnX/ /jiɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jinX/ /jinH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/jenX/ /jenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jinX/ /jinH/
Li
Rong 		/iĕnX/ /iĕnH/
Wang
Li 		/jĭĕnX/ /jĭĕnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯ĕnX/ /i̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǐn yìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jan5 jan6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 引 引
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǐn yǐn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yinX › ‹ yinH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*liʔ/ /*liʔ-s/
English draw the bow draw the bow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 引 引
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 15306 15312
Phonetic
component 		引 引
Rime
group 		眞 眞
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		引 𦙍
Old
Chinese 		/*linʔ/ /*lins/

Definitions

引

  1. to pull, draw out, attract
  2. to stretch
  3. to lead
  4. to induce
  5. to recommend (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  6. to reference, to quote
  7. to leave
  8. (music) prelude
  9. (archaic) sales permit

(Can we add an example for this sense?) (particularly for the sense " to lead")

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (引):
  • → Vietnamese: dẫn (引)

Etymology 2

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Compare with Zhangzhou Hokkien 咉 (ńg), such as used in 咉公 (ńg-kong), and Hokkien 俺 (án) as per Douglas (1873).”

Pronunciation

Definitions

引

  1. (Quanzhou Hokkien, honorific) Prefix for kinship terms.
    引公 [Hokkien]  ―  ín-kong [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  grandpa
    引媽／引妈 [Hokkien]  ―  ín-má [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  grandma

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 引 – see 蚓 (“earthworm”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 蚓).
Notes:

Further reading

  • 晋江市方言志‎, (Can we date this quote?), page 38 (PDF) / 106 (Book)
  • Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “ín (Cn.)”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 172; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 172
  • Dictionario Hispánico-Sinicum‎ (overall work in Early Modern Spanish, Hokkien, and Classical Mandarin), kept as Vocabulario Español-Chino con caracteres chinos (TOMO 215) in the University of Santo Tomás Archives, Manila: Dominican Order of Preachers, 1626-1642, page 23/10 & 36/18 & 488/463 & 378/356; republished as Lee, Fabio Yuchung (李毓中), Chen, Tsung-jen (陳宗仁), José, Regalado Trota, Caño, José Luis Ortigosa, editors, Hokkien Spanish Historical Document Series I: Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum‎, Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University Press, 2018, →ISBN

Japanese

Kanji

引

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. pull
  2. tug
  3. admit

Readings

Compounds

Antonyms

  • 斥 (“repulse”)
  • 押 (“push”)

Derived terms

Etymology

Kanji in this term
引
いん
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 引 (MC yinX|yinH).

Pronunciation

Noun

引(いん) • (in) 

  1. the preface to a book; introduction; foreword

Affix

引(いん) • (in) 

  1. pull; draw out; stretch
  2. lead; induce
  3. bear; undertake; accept (Can we add an example for this sense?) (particularly for "accept")
  4. quote; reference
  5. leave

Derived terms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

引 (eumhun 끌 인 (kkeul in))

  1. hanja form? of 인 (“pull”)

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

引: Hán Nôm readings: dẫn, dợn, giỡn, dận, giận

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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