忘れる

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
忘
わす
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese 忘る (wasuru), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern, from Proto-Japonic *wasuru.

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「忘れる」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		忘れる わすれる
Imperative (命令形) 忘れろ わすれろ
Key constructions
Passive 忘れられる わすれられる
Causative 忘れさせる わすれさせる
Potential 忘れられる わすれられる
Volitional 忘れよう わすれよー
Negative 忘れない わすれない
Negative perfective 忘れなかった わすれなかった
Formal 忘れます わすれます
Perfective 忘れた わすれた
Conjunctive 忘れて わすれて
Hypothetical conditional 忘れれば わすれれば

Verb

忘(わす)れる • (wasureru) transitive ichidan (stem 忘(わす)れ (wasure), past 忘(わす)れた (wasureta))

  1. to forget
    傘(かさ)を忘(わす)れた。
    Kasa o wasureta.
    I forgot my umbrella.
  2. (auxiliary verb, after the continuative form of a verb) to forget to …
    宿(しゅく)題(だい)をし忘(わす)れた。
    Shukudai o shi-wasureta.
    I forgot to do my homework.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "忘れる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 忘れ わすれ wasure
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 忘れ わすれ wasure
Shūshikei ("terminal") 忘れる わすれる wasureru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 忘れる わすれる wasureru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 忘れれ わすれれ wasurere
Meireikei ("imperative") 忘れよ¹
忘れろ² 		わすれよ¹
わすれろ² 		wasureyo¹
wasurero²
Key constructions
Passive 忘れられる わすれられる wasurerareru
Causative 忘れさせる
忘れさす 		わすれさせる
わすれさす 		wasuresaseru
wasuresasu
Potential 忘れられる
忘れれる³ 		わすれられる
わすれれる³ 		wasurerareru
wasurereru³
Volitional 忘れよう わすれよう wasureyō
Negative 忘れない
忘れぬ
忘れん 		わすれない
わすれぬ
わすれん 		wasurenai
wasurenu
wasuren
Negative continuative 忘れず わすれず wasurezu
Formal 忘れます わすれます wasuremasu
Perfective 忘れた わすれた wasureta
Conjunctive 忘れて わすれて wasurete
Hypothetical conditional 忘れれば わすれれば wasurereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Classical conjugation of "忘る" (ラ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 忘れ わすれ wasure
Continuative (連用形) 忘れ わすれ wasure
Terminal (終止形) 忘る わする wasuru
Attributive (連体形) 忘るる わするる wasururu
Realis (已然形) 忘るれ わするれ wasurure
Imperative (命令形) 忘れよ わすれよ wasureyo
Key constructions
Negative 忘れず わすれず wasurezu
Contrasting conjunction 忘るれど わするれど wasururedo
Causal conjunction 忘るれば わするれば wasurureba
Conditional conjunction 忘れば わすれば wasureba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 忘れき わすれき wasureki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 忘れけり わすれけり wasurekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 忘れつ わすれつ wasuretu
Perfect tense (natural event) 忘れぬ わすれぬ wasurenu
Perfect-continuative tense 忘れたり わすれたり wasuretari
Volitional 忘れむ わすれむ wasuremu

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ “忘”, in 日本国語大辞典‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
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