悤
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Translingual
Han character
悤 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹田心 (HWP) or 難竹田心 (XHWP), composition ⿱囱心)
Derived characters
Usage notes
The component 悤 in some of the derived characters may be simplified to either 总 in simplified Chinese or 忩 in Japanese shinjitai. For example, 聰 is simplified to 聪 in simplified Chinese and 總 is simplified to 総 in Japanese shinjitai. Note that 總 is simplified to 总 in simplified Chinese.
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10693
- Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2301, character 3
- Unihan data for U+60A4
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 悤 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
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| Historical forms of the character 匆 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 牎 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窗 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窓 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 囱 | *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloːŋ |
| 總 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 熜 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 傯 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 緫 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 揔 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 偬 | *ʔsloːŋʔ, *ʔsloːŋs |
| 囪 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 璁 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 驄 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 蔥 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 匆 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 怱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 葱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 楤 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聦 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 繱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 騘 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 鍯 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聰 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 愡 | *sʰloːŋs |
| 檧 | *sloːŋ, *sloːŋʔ |
| 憽 | *sloːŋ |
| 幒 | *sʰloŋʔ, *kjoŋ |
The original form shows a heart/mind (心) with a big dot on top indicating a hole. According to Qiu Xigui (裘錫圭) and Shen Pei (沈培), it indicates an open heart and an open mind. Its original meaning was "intelligent". Later, it became Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声): phonetic 囪 (OC *sʰloːŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”), hence the dot on top became the pictogram of a window. This character is the proto-form of 聰, in which the ear symbolizes somebody willing to listen and learn fastly through hearing.
The character then changed meaning perhaps due to a proximity of meaning (learn fastly > hastily), but the original meaning is preserved into 聰.
Definitions
| For pronunciation and definitions of 悤 – see 匆 (“hastily, hurriedly, agitated, restless”). (This character is a variant form of 匆). |
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: す (su)←す (su, historical)、すう (sū)←すう (suu, historical)
- Kan-on: そう (sō)←そう (sou, historical)
- Kun: にわか (niwaka)、あわてる (awateru)
Korean
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 悤 (MC tshuwng).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
- Phonetic hangul:
Hanja
悤 (eumhun 바쁠 총 (bappeul chong))
悤 (eumhun 총명할 총 (chongmyeonghal chong))