感

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See also: 惑
感 U+611F, 感
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-611F
← 愞
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 愠 →

Translingual

Stroke order
13 strokes

Han character

感 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈口心 (IRP), four-corner 53330, composition ⿱咸心(GJKV) or ⿵咸心(HT))

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 395, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10953
  • Dae Jaweon: page 733, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2321, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+611F

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 感
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
感 *kɯːmʔ
鱤 *kɯːmʔ
顑 *kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms
轗 *kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms
撼 *ɡɯːmʔ
憾 *ɡɯːms
喊 *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘 *krɯːm
瑊 *krɯːm, *kjum
黬 *krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm
減 *krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
羬 *ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram
麙 *ŋɡrɯːm
咸 *ɡrɯːm
鹹 *ɡrɯːm
醎 *ɡrɯːm
諴 *ɡrɯːm
椷 *ɡrɯːm
輱 *ɡrɯːm
鍼 *ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm
箴 *kjɯm
葴 *kjɯm
鱵 *kjum

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯːmʔ) : phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology 1

trad. 感
simp. # 感
2nd round simp. 𫹯
alternative forms 𢦡

Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). Note similarities to Burmese ခံ (hkam, “to endure, accept, catch”) (Luce, 1981).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 感
Mandarin Beijing /kan²¹⁴/
Harbin /kan²¹³/
Tianjin /kan¹³/
Jinan /kã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /kã⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kan⁵³/
Xi'an /kã⁵³/
Xining /kã⁵³/
Yinchuan /kan⁵³/
Lanzhou /kɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /kan⁵¹/
Wuhan /kan⁴²/
Chengdu /kan⁵³/
Guiyang /kan⁴²/
Kunming /kã̠⁵³/
Nanjing /kaŋ²¹²/
Hefei /kæ̃²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /kæ̃⁵³/
Pingyao /kɑŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /kæ̃⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /kø³⁵/
Suzhou /kø⁵¹/
Hangzhou /kẽ̞⁵³/
Wenzhou /ky³⁵/
Hui Shexian /kɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /kɛ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /kan⁴¹/
Xiangtan /kan⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /kɵn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /kam³¹/
Taoyuan /kɑm³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐm³⁵/
Nanning /kam³⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐm³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kam⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kaŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /kam⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kam²¹³/
Rime
Character 感
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 覃 (159)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古禫切
Baxter komX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʌmX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kəmX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɒmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəmX/
Li
Rong 		/kᴀmX/
Wang
Li 		/kɒmX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gam2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 感
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ komX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁmʔ/
English move (emotionally) (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 感
Reading # 1/1
No. 13498
Phonetic
component 		咸
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		感
Old
Chinese 		/*kɯːmʔ/

Definitions

感

  1. to move (someone); to affect; to touch; to arouse
  2. response; influence
  3. to feel; to perceive
  4. feeling; thought; sensation; emotion
  5. to thank; to feel grateful
  6. to sigh with emotion; to be sentimental
  7. to miss; to long for
  8. (traditional Chinese medicine) to be affected by wind-cold

Usage notes

A popular stylistic choice in the written form of the character 感 involves putting the 心 component inside of the 咸 component in the area directly below the 口 component.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (感):
  • → Japanese: 感(かん) (kan); 感(こん) (kon)
  • → Vietnamese: cảm (感)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 感 – see 撼 (“to shake; to move”).
(This character is an obsolete form of 撼).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 感 – see 憾 (“regret; remorse”).
(This character is an obsolete form of 憾).

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

感

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. feeling, sensation, emotion

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
感
かん
Grade: 3
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 感 (MC komX).

Pronunciation

Noun

感(かん) • (kan) 

  1. feeling; sense
    虚(きょ)無(む)感(かん)
    kyomukan
    feeling of emptiness
  2. (grammar) Clipping of 感動詞 (kandōshi, “interjection”).

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

感 (eumhun 느낄 감 (neukkil gam))

  1. hanja form? of 감 (“feeling”)

Compounds

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

感: Hán Nôm readings: cảm, cám

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

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