憐

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See also: 怜
憐 U+6190, 憐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6190
← 憏
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 憑 →
憐 U+F98F, 憐
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98F
← 年
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 戀 →

Translingual

Han character

憐 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心火木手 (PFDQ), four-corner 99059, composition ⿰忄粦)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 402, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11206
  • Dae Jaweon: page 742, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2356, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6190

Chinese

trad. 憐
simp. 怜*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (粦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潾 *rriːn, *rin
膦 *renʔ
憐 *riːn
燐 *rin, *rins
鄰 *rin
轔 *rin, *rins
嶙 *rin, *rinʔ
粼 *rin, *rins
磷 *rin, *rins
疄 *rin, *rins
麟 *rin
鱗 *rin
璘 *rin
翷 *rin
瞵 *rin, *rins
獜 *rin, *reːŋ
驎 *rin
鏻 *rin, *rins, *reːŋ
繗 *rin
僯 *rinʔ
橉 *rinʔ, *rins
撛 *rinʔ, *rins
遴 *rins
粦 *rins
甐 *rins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːn) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-rin (“compassion; love”). Cognate with Tibetan དྲིན (drin, “kindness; favour; grace”) and Burmese ရည်ငံ (ranyngam, “to fall in love”) and Burmese ရည်းစား (rany:ca:, “lover”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • lîn - vernacular;
  • liân - literary.
Note:
  • liang5 - Shantou;
  • liêng5 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 憐
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 落賢切
Baxter len
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/len/
Pan
Wuyun 		/len/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɛn/
Li
Rong 		/len/
Wang
Li 		/lien/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 憐
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lián
Middle
Chinese 		‹ len ›
Old
Chinese 		/*rˁiŋ/
English love; pity

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 憐
Reading # 1/1
No. 8193
Phonetic
component 		粦
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		蓮
Old
Chinese 		/*riːn/

Definitions

憐

  1. to pity; to sympathize
    Synonym: 憐憫／怜悯 (liánmǐn)
  2. to love tenderly

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

憐

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. sympathy
  2. pity
  3. treasure
  4. dote on

Readings

  • Go-on: れん (ren)
  • Kan-on: れん (ren)
  • Kun: あわれむ (awaremu, 憐れむ)、あわれみ (awaremi, 憐れみ)

Korean

Hanja

憐 (eumhun 불쌍히 여길 련 (bulssanghi yeogil ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 불쌍히 여길 연 (bulssanghi yeogil yeon))

  1. hanja form? of 련/연 (“pity, sympathize”)

Vietnamese

Han character

憐: Hán Nôm readings: lân, liên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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