憑

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See also: 凭, and 凴
憑 U+6191, 憑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6191
← 憐
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 憒 →

Translingual

Han character

憑 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈火心 (IFP), four-corner 31332, composition ⿱馮心)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 402, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11210
  • Dae Jaweon: page 742, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2351, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6191

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (仌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
冫 *prɯŋ
冰 *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ
砅 *pʰrɯŋ, *rads
馮 *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ
憑 *bɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯŋ) : phonetic 馮 (OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) + semantic 心.

Etymology 1

trad. 憑
simp. 凭
alternative forms 凴／凭
凭 “to lean on; to depend on”

Pronunciation

Note:
  • pîn - vernacular;
  • pêng - literary.
Rime
Character 憑
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 扶冰切
Baxter bing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/biŋ/
Li
Rong 		/biəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/bĭəŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		píng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ping4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 憑
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		píng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bing ›
Old
Chinese 		/*rəŋ/
English lean on

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 憑
Reading # 1/1
No. 859
Phonetic
component 		仌
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		凭
Old
Chinese 		/*bɯŋ/

Definitions

憑

  1. to lean on; to lean against
  2. to depend on; to rely on
  3. (colloquial) no matter
  4. on the basis of; according to; by
  5. proof; evidence
  6. (literary) to request
  7. Alternative form of 馮／冯 (“to wade across a river”)
Synonyms
  • (to depend on):
  • (no matter):
  • (on the basis of):
  • (proof):
  • (to request):

Compounds

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (憑):
  • → Vietnamese: bằng (憑)

Etymology 2

trad. 憑
simp. 凭
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “From 凭 (MC bingH)?”

Pronunciation

Definitions

憑

  1. (Cantonese, Hakka) to lean against

Compounds

Etymology 3

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Same word as 𩩍 (peng1)?”

Pronunciation

trad. 憑
simp. 凭
alternative forms 屏
拼

Definitions

憑 (Cantonese)

  1. back (of a chair); backrest

Compounds

References

  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “凭”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 178.

Japanese

Kanji

憑

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. to lean on
  2. to depend on
  3. (of a spirit) to possess

Readings

  • Go-on: びょう (byō)
  • Kan-on: ひょう (hyō)
  • Kun: よる (yoru, 憑る)、たのむ (tanomu, 憑む)、つく (tsuku, 憑く)

Compounds

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 憑 (MC bing).

Hanja

憑 (eumhun 기댈 빙 (gidael bing))

  1. hanja form? of 빙 (“lean”)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

憑: Hán Nôm readings: bằng

  1. diploma, certificate, license
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