払う

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
払
はら
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
拂う (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 波羅賦.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "払う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		払う はら​う
Imperative (命令形) 払え はら​え
Key constructions
Passive 払われる はらわれ​る
Causative 払わせる はらわせ​る
Potential 払える はらえ​る
Volitional 払おう はらお​ー
Negative 払わない はらわ​ない
Negative perfective 払わなかった はらわ​なかった
Formal 払います はらいま​す
Perfective 払った はら​った
Conjunctive 払って はら​って
Hypothetical conditional 払えば はら​えば

(western dialects or literary variant)

Verb

払(はら)う • (harau) ←はらふ (farafu)?transitive godan (stem 払(はら)い (harai), past 払(はら)った (haratta))

  1. to drive away, to get rid of
    手(て)で蝿(はえ)を払(はら)う
    te de hae o harau
    to whisk flies off
    蜘蛛(くも)の巣(す)を払(はら)う
    kumo no su o harau
    to remove spiderwebs
    ほこりを払(はら)う
    hokori o harau
    to get rid of the dust
  2. to give away, to pay
    給料(きゅうりょう)を払(はら)う
    kyūryō o harau
    to pay salary
    犠牲(ぎせい)を払(はら)う
    gisei o harau
    to make a sacrifice
  3. to empty
    部屋(へや)を払(はら)う
    heya o harau
    to clear out the room
  4. (calligraphy) to write as a sweeping stroke to the bottom right (㇏)
    Coordinate term: 止める

Conjugation

Conjugation of "払う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 払わ はらわ harawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 払い はらい harai
Shūshikei ("terminal") 払う はらう harau
Rentaikei ("attributive") 払う はらう harau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 払え はらえ harae
Meireikei ("imperative") 払え はらえ harae
Key constructions
Passive 払われる はらわれる harawareru
Causative 払わせる
払わす 		はらわせる
はらわす 		harawaseru
harawasu
Potential 払える はらえる haraeru
Volitional 払おう はらおう haraō
Negative 払わない はらわない harawanai
Negative continuative 払わず はらわず harawazu
Formal 払います はらいます haraimasu
Perfective 払った はらった haratta
Conjunctive 払って はらって haratte
Hypothetical conditional 払えば はらえば haraeba
Classical conjugation of "払ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 払は はらは farafa
Continuative (連用形) 払ひ はらひ farafi
Terminal (終止形) 払ふ はらふ farafu
Attributive (連体形) 払ふ はらふ farafu
Realis (已然形) 払へ はらへ farafe
Imperative (命令形) 払へ はらへ farafe
Key constructions
Negative 払はず はらはず farafazu
Contrasting conjunction 払へど はらへど farafedo
Causal conjunction 払へば はらへば farafeba
Conditional conjunction 払はば はらはば farafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 払ひき はらひき farafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 払ひけり はらひけり farafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 払ひつ はらひつ farafitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 払ひぬ はらひぬ farafinu
Perfect-continuative tense 払へり
払ひたり		 はらへり
はらひたり		 faraferi
farafitari
Volitional 払はむ はらはむ farafamu

Coordinate terms

References

  1. ^ “払・掃”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^
    720, Nihon Shoki, The Age of the Gods, part 1:
    , text here (spelled in phonetic man'yōgana 波羅賦, pronounced parapu)
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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