抑
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See also: 印
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Translingual
Han character
抑 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手竹女中 (QHVL), four-corner 57020, composition ⿰扌卬)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 421, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11883
- Dae Jaweon: page 768, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1841, character 7
- Unihan data for U+6291
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
抑 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 印 𢬃 𢫽 𠨔 𢮮 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 抑 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) : A hand suppressing a kneeling person. For contrast, see 印 (yìn).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jik1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ya
- Eastern Min (BUC): ék
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iak / ek / iah / ah / ia̍h / a̍h / á
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7iq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yì
- Wade–Giles: i4
- Yale: yì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
- Palladius: и (i)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jik1
- Yale: yīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: jik7
- Guangdong Romanization: yig1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɪk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya
- Hakka Romanization System: ia
- Hagfa Pinyim: ya4
- Sinological IPA: /i̯a⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia
- Hagfa Pinyim: ya4
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯a⁵⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ék
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
- Tâi-lô: iak
- Phofsit Daibuun: iag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
- Tâi-lô: ik
- Phofsit Daibuun: eg
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iah
- Tâi-lô: iah
- Phofsit Daibuun: iaq
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iaʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ah
- Tâi-lô: ah
- Phofsit Daibuun: aq
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /aʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍h
- Tâi-lô: ia̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: iah
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iaʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: a̍h
- Tâi-lô: a̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: ah
- IPA (Xiamen): /aʔ⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /aʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: á
- Tâi-lô: á
- Phofsit Daibuun: ar
- IPA (Quanzhou): /a⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
- iak/ek - literary;
- iah/ah/ia̍h/á - vernacular;
- a̍h - vernacular (“then”).
- Middle Chinese: 'ik
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*(r)ik/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qɯɡ/
Definitions
抑
- to press down; to keep down
- to repress; to suppress; to restrain; to restrict
- to hinder; to hamper; to obstruct
- to lower (one's head); to look down
- deep; low-pitched
- sulky; depressed
- (Eastern Min) muggy; sultry; humid
- or (linking alternatives)
- furthermore; moreover; also
- however; but
- (literary or Xiamen Hokkien) then; and (used to connect two clauses or adjectives)
- Meaningless sentence-initial particle.
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 還是 (“or”)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 抑, 或 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 抑或, 還是 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 還是 |
| Singapore | 還是 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 還是 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 定係, 定 |
| Hong Kong | 定係, 定, 抑或, 抑或係, 定抑或, 定抑或係, 還是, 定還是, 定還是係 | |
| Taishan | 毋, 毋又, 抑或 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 定, 定係 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 還是 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 還係, 也係 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 還係, 也係 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 還係, 也係 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 還係, 也係 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 還係, 也係 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 抑係 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 還是 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 故是 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 抑是, 抑 |
| Quanzhou | 抑是, 抑 | |
| Zhangzhou | 抑是, 抑 | |
| Taipei | 抑是 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 抑是 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 抑是 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 抑是 | |
| Chaozhou | 抑是 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 抑是 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 還是 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 還是 |
- (and): 而 (ér)
Compounds
- 冤抑
- 勒抑 (lèyì)
- 務本抑末／务本抑末
- 壓抑／压抑 (yāyì)
- 崇本抑末
- 平抑
- 怒不可抑
- 怨抑
- 悲不可抑
- 愊抑
- 抑且
- 抑制 (yìzhì)
- 抑制栽培
- 抑割
- 抑勒
- 抑塞
- 抑塞磊落
- 抑威餌敵／抑威饵敌
- 扶弱抑強／扶弱抑强
- 抑強扶弱／抑强扶弱 (yìqiángfúruò)
- 抑惡揚善／抑恶扬善
- 抑或 (yìhuò)
- 抑抑
- 抑揚／抑扬 (yìyáng)
- 抑揚頓挫／抑扬顿挫 (yìyángdùncuò)
- 抑損／抑损
- 抑搔
- 抑是 (yìshì)
- 抑止 (yìzhǐ)
- 抑災／抑灾
- 抑遏
- 抑鬱／抑郁 (yìyù)
- 抑鬱寡歡／抑郁寡欢
- 掩抑
- 揚清抑濁／扬清抑浊
- 擠抑／挤抑
- 沉抑 (chényì)
- 諂上抑下／谄上抑下
- 謙抑／谦抑 (qiānyì)
- 貶抑／贬抑 (biǎnyì)
- 遏抑 (èyì)
- 頓挫抑揚／顿挫抑扬
- 鬱抑／郁抑 (yùyì)
Japanese
Kanji
抑
Readings
Definitions
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 抑 |
| そもそも Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 抑 – see the following entry. | ||
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| (This term, 抑, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
Hanja
抑 • (eok) (hangeul 억, revised eok, McCune–Reischauer ŏk, Yale ek)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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