改土歸流
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Chinese
to change; to alter; to transform to change; to alter; to transform; to correct |
earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian |
to go back; to return | to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (改土歸流) | 改 | 土 | 歸 | 流 | |
| simp. (改土归流) | 改 | 土 | 归 | 流 | |
Etymology
土 (tǔ) stands for 土官 (tǔguān, “chieftain”) while 流 (liú) stands for 流官 (liúguān, “regular official”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Pinyin): gǎitǔguīliú
- (Zhuyin): ㄍㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
- Cantonese (Jyutping): goi2 tou2 gwai1 lau4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gǎitǔguīliú
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gǎitǔgueilióu
- Wade–Giles: kai3-tʻu3-kuei1-liu2
- Yale: gǎi-tǔ-gwēi-lyóu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaetuugueiliou
- Palladius: гайтугуйлю (gajtugujlju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: goi2 tou2 gwai1 lau4
- Yale: gói tóu gwāi làuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: goi2 tou2 gwai1 lau4
- Guangdong Romanization: goi2 tou2 guei1 leo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔːi̯³⁵ tʰou̯³⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Verb
改土歸流
- (historical) to replace local (usually) hereditary chieftains (tusi) with regular direct administration
Synonyms
- 改流 (gǎiliú)