文明

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Chinese

language; culture; writing
language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle
 
clear; bright; to understand
clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
 
simp. and trad.
(文明) 		文 明
anagram 明文
Wikipedia has articles on:
文明机场
CIVILIZED AIRPORT

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 文 明
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 文 (59) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 無分切 武兵切
Baxter mjun mjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mɨun/ /mˠiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/miun/ /mᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/miuən/ /miaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mun/ /miajŋ/
Li
Rong 		/miuən/ /miɐŋ/
Wang
Li 		/mĭuən/ /mĭɐŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/mi̯uən/ /mi̯ɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wén míng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		man4 ming4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 文 明
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wén míng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mjun › ‹ mjæng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mə/ /*mraŋ/
English ornate bright

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 文 明
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 13015 9188
Phonetic
component 		文 明
Rime
group 		文 陽
Rime
subdivision 		1 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		文 明
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯn/ /*mraŋ/

Noun

文明

  1. civilization (Classifier: 個／个 m)
    中華文明／中华文明  ―  zhōnghuá wénmíng  ―  Chinese civilization
    四大文明古國／四大文明古国  ―  sì dà wénmíng gǔguó  ―  the Four Great Ancient Civilizations
    書是傳遞文明的工具。 [MSC, trad.]
    书是传递文明的工具。 [MSC, simp.]
    Shū shì chuándì wénmíng de gōngjù.
    Books are the way in which civilization is transmitted.
    人與其他生物最大的不同，就是擁有文明。 [MSC, trad.]
    人与其他生物最大的不同，就是拥有文明。 [MSC, simp.]
    Rén yǔ qítā shēngwù zuìdà de bùtóng, jiùshì yōngyǒu wénmíng.
    The ability to develop civilizations is the biggest difference between humans and other living things.
  2. civilized behaviour; manners
    加強文明意識／加强文明意识  ―  jiāqiáng wénmíng yìshí  ―  to improve people's awareness of civilized behaviour

Adjective

文明

  1. civilized
    文明行為／文明行为  ―  wénmíng xíngwéi  ―  civilized behaviour
    文明交往  ―  wénmíng jiāowǎng  ―  to socialize in a civilized manner
    舉止文明／举止文明  ―  jǔzhǐ wénmíng  ―  to behave in a civilized manner
  2. (dated) modern
  3. (Classical) having literary talent

Antonyms

Derived terms

Japanese

Kanji in this term
文 明
ぶん
Grade: 1 		めい
Grade: 2
kan'on

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Middle Chinese 文明 (MC mjun mjaeng).

Pronunciation

Noun

 文明 on Japanese Wikipedia

文(ぶん)明(めい) • (bunmei) 

  1. civilization

Derived terms

Proper noun

 文明_(日本) on Japanese Wikipedia
 Bunmei on Wikipedia

文(ぶん)明(めい) • (Bunmei) 

  1. the Bunmei era, 1469-1487

See also

Korean

Hanja in this term
文明

Noun

文明 • (munmyeong) (hangeul 문명)

  1. hanja form? of 문명 (“civilization”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
文明

Adjective

文明

  1. chữ Hán form of văn minh (“civilized”).
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