. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
you have here. The definition of the word
will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
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- In mainland China, the bottom left component is written 朩, giving 新.
- In Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, the bottom left component is written 𣎳, giving 新.
- In Japan and Korea, the bottom left component is written 木, giving 新.
Han character
新 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜木竹一中 (YDHML), four-corner 02921, composition ⿰亲斤)
Derived characters
- 𫣩, 噺, 𭢭, 澵, 𬎖, 𨭩, 𫚀, 𬷵, 𪧭, 薪, 𨑁, 𭏻, 㜪, 𪬴, 𭺦
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 480, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13572
- Dae Jaweon: page 839, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2026, character 21
- Unihan data for U+65B0
Chinese
Glyph origin
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Old Chinese
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親
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*sʰin, *sʰins
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寴
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*sʰin, *sʰins
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儭
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*sʰins, *sʰrins
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瀙
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*sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
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辛
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*siŋ
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新
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*siŋ
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薪
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*siŋ
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襯
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*sʰrins
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櫬
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*sʰrins
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嚫
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*t͡sʰrinh
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莘
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*sriŋ
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騂
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*seŋ
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垶
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*seŋ
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觪
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*seŋ
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *siŋ) : phonetic 亲 (OC *siŋ, “hazelnut tree”) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) – to cut down a tree with an axe (hence starting something new). 亲 is a variant of 辛 (OC *siŋ)
Also ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) . Original form of 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).
Etymology
Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Burmese သစ် (sac, “new”). Compare the cognacy between 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) and Burmese သစ် (sac, “wood; timber”).
This word may belong to the Sino-Tibetan stem Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ (“alive, fresh, green”) and may hence be related to 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green”) as well as 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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新
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Reading #
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1/1
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
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xīn
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Middle Chinese
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‹ sin ›
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Old Chinese
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/*s.tsʰi/
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English
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new
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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新
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Reading #
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1/1
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No.
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13811
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Phonetic component
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辛
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Rime group
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眞
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Rime subdivision
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2
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Corresponding MC rime
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新
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Old Chinese
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/*siŋ/
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Definitions
新
- new; fresh
- Antonyms: 舊/旧 (jiù), 老 (lǎo)
- 新芽 ― xīnyá ― sprout; bud
- 新風氣/新风气 ― xīn fēngqì ― new trend; new atmosphere
- 新產品/新产品 ― xīn chǎnpǐn ― new product
- 新納粹/新纳粹 ― xīnnàcuì ― neo-Nazi
新鮭魚二月前不上市,對嗎? [MSC, trad.]
新鲑鱼二月前不上市,对吗? [MSC, simp.]- Xīn guīyú èryuè qián bù shàngshì, duì ma?
- Fresh salmon doesn't come in before February, does it?
- new; unused
- Antonym: 舊/旧 (jiù)
- 新車/新车 ― xīn chē ― new car
- 新衫 [Cantonese] ― san1 saam1 ― new clothes
- recently or just married
- 新人 ― xīnrén ― newly married couple
- 新娘 ― xīnniáng ― bride
- the new
- 迎新 ― yíngxīn ― to welcome new arrivals
- 推陳出新/推陈出新 ― tuīchénchūxīn ― to get rid of the old and bring forth the new
- to make new
- 耳目一新 ― ěrmùyīxīn ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- newly; freshly; recently
- 新建成的超市 ― xīn jiànchéng de chāoshì ― newly built supermarket
係新買返嚟嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
系新买返嚟嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]- hai6 san1 maai5 faan1 lai4 ge3.
- I bought it only a while ago.
- (chemistry) meso-
- a surname. Xin
- (~朝) Xin dynasty
- Short for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng).
- Short for 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō).
- Short for 新西蘭/新西兰 (Xīnxīlán).
- 澳新銀行/澳新银行 ― Ào Xīn Yínháng ― Australia and New Zealand Banking Corporation (ANZ Bank)
See also
Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
|
Name |
Time period |
Divisions
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Xia 夏 (~朝, ~代)
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2070 – 1600 BCE |
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Shang 商 (~朝, ~代) 殷 (~朝, ~代)
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1600 – 1046 BCE |
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Zhou 周 (~朝, ~代)
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1046 – 256 BCE |
Western Zhou 西周 |
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Eastern Zhou 東周/东周 |
Spring and Autumn period 春秋
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Warring States period 戰國/战国
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Qin 秦 (~朝, ~代)
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221 – 206 BCE |
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Han 漢/汉 (~朝, ~代)
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206 BCE – 220 C.E. |
Western Han 西漢/西汉
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Xin 新 (~朝)
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Eastern Han 東漢/东汉
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Three Kingdoms 三國/三国
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220 – 280 C.E. |
Wei 魏
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Shu Han 蜀漢/蜀汉
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Wu 吳/吴
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Jin 晉/晋 (~朝, ~代)
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265 – 420 C.E. |
Western Jin 西晉/西晋
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Eastern Jin 東晉/东晋
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Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝
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420 – 589 C.E. |
Northern dynasties 北朝 |
Northern Wei 北魏
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Western Wei 西魏
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Eastern Wei 東魏/东魏
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Northern Zhou 北周
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Northern Qi 北齊/北齐
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Southern dynasties 南朝 |
Liu Song 劉宋/刘宋
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Southern Qi 南齊/南齐
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Liang 梁 (~朝, ~代)
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Chen 陳/陈 (~朝, ~代)
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Sui 隋 (~朝, ~代)
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581 – 618 C.E. |
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Tang 唐 (~朝, ~代)
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618 – 907 C.E. |
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Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國/五代十国
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907 – 960 C.E. |
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Liao 遼/辽 (~朝, ~代)
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907 – 1125 C.E. |
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Song 宋 (~朝, ~代)
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960 – 1279 C.E. |
Northern Song 北宋
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Southern Song 南宋
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Western Xia 西夏
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1038 – 1227 C.E. |
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Jin 金 (~朝, ~代)
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1115 – 1234 C.E. |
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Western Liao 西遼/西辽
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1124 – 1218 C.E. |
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Yuan 元 (~朝, ~代)
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1271 – 1368 C.E. |
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Ming 明 (~朝, ~代)
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1368 – 1644 C.E. |
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Qing 清 (~朝, ~代)
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1636 – 1912 C.E. |
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Compounds
Descendants
Others:
Further reading
Japanese
Kanji
新
(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
- new
- change, reform
Readings
- Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
- Kun: あたらしい (atarashii, 新しい, Jōyō)、あらた (arata, 新た, Jōyō)、あら (ara, 新)、にい (nii, 新, Jōyō)←にひ (nifi, 新, historical)、さら (sara, 新)
- Nanori: あきら (akira)、あせ (ase)、あたらし (atarashi)、し (shi)、すすむ (susumu)、ちか (chika)、に (ni)、につ (nitsu)、はじめ (hajime)、よし (yoshi)、わか (waka)
Compounds
Etymology 1
/sin/ → /ɕin/
From Middle Chinese 新 (MC sin).
Compare modern Mandarin 新 (xīn), Hakka 新 (sîn), Min Nan 新 (sin), and Wu 新 (1shin).
Pronunciation
Noun
新 • (shin)
- a novelty
- Antonym: 旧 (kyū)
- Short for 新暦 (shinreki): the Gregorian calendar
- Short for 新株 (shinkabu) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
- Short for 新銀 (shingin) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
- Short for 新造 (shinzō) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Prefix
新 • (shin-)
- neo-
- 新元号
- shin-gengō
- new era name
- 新世界
- Shinsekai
- the New World
- 新約聖書
- Shin'yaku Seisho
- the New Testament
- attached to the title of a fiction work to mean “new storyline”, to distinguish it from older works
- 新鉄拳チンミ
- Shin Tekken Chinmi
- New Ironfist Chinmi
- attached to the title of a fiction adaptation to mean “remake”, to distinguish it from older adaptations
- Lois & Clark 新スーパーマン
- Lois & Clark Shin Sūpāman
- Lois & Clark: New Superman
Derived terms
Proper noun
新 • (Shin)
- (historical) the Xin dynasty (8–23 CE)
- a placename
- a surname
- a male or female given name
Etymology 2
⟨nipi1⟩ → /nipʲi/ → /nifi/ → /niwi/ → /niː/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *nipi.
Prefix
新 • (nii-)
- new, novel
- fresh
- original
Derived terms
Etymology 3
From Old Japanese.
Extension of 粗, 荒 (ara, “crude, raw”).
Prefix
新 • (ara-)
- new
- unused
- natural
Derived terms
Proper noun
新 • (Ara)
- a surname
Etymology 4
|
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “-s- infix form or from prefix さ (sa-)?”
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Noun
新 • (sara)
- something new and unused
Derived terms
Proper noun
新 • (Sara)
- a female given name
Etymology 5
Nominalization of adjective 新た (arata, “new”).
Proper noun
新 • (Arata)
- a male or female given name
- a surname
References
Korean
Hanja
新 (eumhun 새 신 (sae sin))
- hanja form? of 신 (“new”)
Compounds
- 신도시 (新都市, sindosi): urban new town, planned city
- 신랑 (新郞, sillang): bridegroom
- 신문 (新聞, sinmun): news, newspaper
- 신부 (新婦, sinbu): bride
- 신선 (新鮮, sinseon): freshness
- 신혼 (新婚, sinhon): being newlywed
- 최신 (最新, choesin): the latest, the newest
- 혁신 (革新, hyeoksin): innovation
Kunigami
Kanji
新
(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
Miyako
Kanji
新
(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
Okinawan
Kanji
新
(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
Vietnamese
Han character
新: Hán Nôm readings: tân[1][2][3][4]
- (only in compounds) new
Compounds
References
Yaeyama
Kanji
新
(Second grade kyōiku kanji)