昨

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See also: 咋
昨 U+6628, 昨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6628
← 昧
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 昩 →

Translingual

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

昨 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日人尸 (AOS) or 日人十 (AOJ), four-corner 68011, composition ⿰日乍)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 493, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13847
  • Dae Jaweon: page 857, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1502, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6628

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 昨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (乍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
作 *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ
鲊 *ʔsraːʔ
痄 *ʔsraːʔ
厏 *ʔsraːʔ, *zraːʔ
詐 *ʔsraːɡs
咋 *ʔsraːɡs, *zraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ
笮 *ʔsraːɡs, *zaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
榨 *ʔsraːɡs
炸 *ʔr'aːɡs, *zreːb
乍 *zraːɡs
拃 *ʔsraːnʔ
酢 *sʰaːɡs, *zaːɡ
祚 *zaːɡs
胙 *zaːɡs
阼 *zaːɡs
飵 *zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
秨 *zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
迮 *ʔsaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
柞 *ʔsaːɡ, *zaːɡ
昨 *zaːɡ
怍 *zaːɡ
砟 *zaːɡ
莋 *zaːɡ
岝 *zaːɡ, *zraːɡ
鈼 *zaːɡ
筰 *zaːɡ
葃 *zaːɡ, *zreːɡ, *zaɡ
舴 *ʔr'aːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
窄 *ʔsraːɡ
蚱 *ʔsraːɡ
齚 *zraːɡ
泎 *zraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaːɡ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 昨

Related to 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ, “the past”) (Sagart, 1999).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • cho̍k - literary;
  • cho̍h/chǎ/chā - vernacular.
Rime
Character 昨
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 在各切
Baxter dzak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡zɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡zɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zak̚/
Li
Rong 		/d͡zɑk̚/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zuó
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zok6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 昨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zuó
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ˁak/
English yesterday

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 昨
Reading # 1/1
No. 16664
Phonetic
component 		乍
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		昨
Old
Chinese 		/*zaːɡ/

Definitions

昨

  1. ⁜ yesterday
  2. ⁜ in former times; past

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
 昨

Pronunciation

Definitions

昨

  1. (Taiwanese Hokkien) Contraction of 昨昏 (cha-hng, “yesterday”).

References

Japanese

Kanji

昨

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. yesterday; last, past (day, week, month, year, etc.)

Readings

  • Go-on: ざく (zaku)
  • Kan-on: さく (saku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: きのう (kinō, 昨)

Compounds

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 昨 (MC dzak).

Recorded as Middle Korean 짝〮 (Yale: ccak) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 작〮 (cák) (Yale: cak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

昨 (eumhun 어제 작 (eoje jak))

  1. hanja form? of 작 (“yesterday; last”)

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

昨: Hán Nôm readings: tạc

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