晦

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晦 U+6666, 晦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6666
← 晥
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 晧 →

Translingual

Han character

晦 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日人田卜 (AOWY), four-corner 68057, composition ⿰日每)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 496, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13960
  • Dae Jaweon: page 862, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1513, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6666

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 晦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 晦
Warring States
Chu slip and silk script
Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
脢 *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
挴 *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ
海 *hmlɯːʔ
毐 *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ
呣 *mɯ
拇 *mɯʔ
母 *mɯʔ
胟 *mɯʔ
姆 *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ
畮 *mɯʔ
踇 *mɯʔ
苺 *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs
莓 *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
敏 *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ
鰵 *mrɯŋʔ
慜 *mrɯŋʔ
毋 *ma
梅 *mɯː
酶 *mɯː
鋂 *mɯː
每 *mɯːʔ
毎 *mɯːs
痗 *mɯːs, *hmɯːs
晦 *hmɯːs
誨 *hmɯːs
悔 *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs
霉 *mrɯl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hmɯːs) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).

Etymology

STEDT compares 晦 (OC *hmɯːs) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 晦
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 荒内切
Baxter xwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/huʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/huoiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xuɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hwəjH/
Li
Rong 		/xuᴀiH/
Wang
Li 		/xuɒiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xuɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fui3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 晦
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xwojH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m̥ˁək-s/
English last day of a moon; dark

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 晦
Reading # 1/1
No. 9315
Phonetic
component 		母
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*hmɯːs/

Definitions

晦

  1. last day of a lunar month
  2. dark, unclear, obscure
  3. night
  4. 67th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "darkening" (𝍈)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (晦):
  • → Japanese: 晦(かい) (kai)
  • → Korean: 회(晦) (hoe)
  • → Vietnamese: hối (晦)

Compounds

References

Japanese

Shinjitai
(extended) 		Shinjitai
(extended)
晦󠄀
晦+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
晦󠄂
晦+&#xE0102;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
Kyūjitai 晦
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

晦

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
晦
かい
Jinmeiyō
kan'on

/kʷai/ → /kai/

From Middle Chinese 晦 (MC xwojH).

Affix

晦(かい) • (kai) ←くわい (kwai)?

  1. end of the month
  2. dark, darkened
  3. obscure, unknown
  4. conceal, hide
Derived terms
Derived terms

Noun

晦(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

  1. a darkening of the sky
  2. something unclear or obscure
  3. the last day of a (lunar) month

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
晦
つごもり
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
晦日

Shift from 月隠り (tsukikomori/tsukigomori, literally “moon hiding”).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

晦(つごもり) • (tsugomori) 

  1. (archaic) the darkening of moonlight
  2. (by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month
Coordinate terms
Lunar phases in Japanese · 月(げっ)相(そう) (gessō)
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
新(にい)月(づき) (niizuki)
新(しん)月(げつ) (shingetsu)
朔(さく) (saku)
朔(さく)月(げつ) (sakugetsu)
月(つき)立(たち) (tsukitachi) 		二(ふつ)日(か)月(づき) (futsukazuki)
繊(せん)月(げつ) (sengetsu)
既(き)朔(さく) (kisaku) 		三(み)日(か)月(づき) (mikazuki)
若(わか)月(づき) (wakazuki)
眉(び)月(げつ) (bigetsu)
眉(まゆ)月(づき) (mayuzuki) 		四(よっ)日(か)月(づき) (yokkazuki) 五(いつ)日(か)月(づき) (itsukazuki)
6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
六(むい)日(か)月(づき) (muikazuki) 七(なの)日(か)月(づき) (nanokazuki) 八(よう)日(か)月(づき) (yōkazuki) 九(く)夜(や)月(づき) (kuyazuki)
九(ここの)日(か)月(つき) (kokonokatsuki) 		十(とう)日(かん)夜(や)の月(つき) (tōkan'ya no tsuki)
上(じょう)弦(げん) (jōgen)
上(じょう)弦(げん)の月(つき) (jōgen no tsuki)
弓(ゆみ)張(はり)月(づき) (yumiharizuki)
半(はん)月(げつ) (hangetsu)
11th 12th 13th 14th 15th
十(じゅう)一(いち)日(にち)月(づき) (jūichinichizuki) 十(じゅう)二(に)日(にち)月(づき) (jūninichizuki) 十(じゅう)三(さん)夜(や) (jūsan'ya) 十(じゅう)四(よっ)日(か)月(づき) (jūyokkazuki)
小(こ)望(もち)月(づき) (komochizuki)
幾(き)望(ぼう) (kibō)
待(まつ)宵(よい)月(づき) (matsuyoizuki) 		十(じゅう)五(ご)夜(や) (jūgoya)
十(じゅう)五(ご)夜(や)の月(つき) (jūgoya no tsuki)
望(ぼう) (bō)
望(もち)月(づき) (mochizuki)
満(まん)月(げつ) (mangetsu)
三(さん)五(ご)の月(つき) (sango no tsuki)
16th 17th 18th 19th 20th
十六夜(いざよい) (izayoi)
十六夜(いざよい)の月(つき) (izayoi no tsuki)
既(き)望(ぼう) (kibō)
猶予(いざよう)月(つき) (izayōtsuki) 		立(たち)待(まち)月(づき) (tachimachizuki) 居(い)待(まち)月(づき) (imachizuki) 寝(ね)待(まち)月(づき) (nemachizuki)
臥(ふし)待(まち)月(づき) (fushimachizuki) 		二十(はつ)日(か)月(づき) (hatsukazuki)
更(ふけ)待(まち)月(づき) (fukemachizuki)
亥(い)中(なか)の月(つき) (inaka no tsuki)
21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th
二(に)十(じゅう)一(いち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūichinichizuki) 二(に)十(じゅう)二(に)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūninichizuki) 二(に)十(じゅう)三(さん)夜(や) (nijūsan'ya)
二(に)十(じゅう)三(さん)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūsannichizuki) 		二(に)十(じゅう)四(よ)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūyonichizuki) 二(に)十(じゅう)五(ご)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūgonichizuki)
下(か)弦(げん) (kagen)
下(か)弦(げん)の月(つき) (kagen no tsuki)
弓(ゆみ)張(はり)月(づき) (yumiharizuki)
半(はん)月(げつ) (hangetsu)
26th 27th 28th 29th 30th
二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)夜(や) (nijūrokuya)
二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūrokunichizuki) 		二(に)十(じゅう)七(しち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūshichinichizuki) 明(あ)けの三(み)日(か)月(づき) (ake no mikazuki) 三十(みそ)日(か) (misoka)
三十(みそ)日(か)月(づき) (misokazuki)
二(に)十(じゅう)八(はち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūhachinichizuki) 晦(つごもり) (tsugomori)
Others
After 16th In rain
残(ざん)月(げつ) (zangetsu)
有(あり)明(あけ)の月(つき) (ariake no tsuki)
有(あり)明(あけ)月(つき) (ariaketsuki)
有(あり)明(あけ) (ariake)
有(あり)明(あけ)月(づく)夜(よ) (ariakezukuyo)
有(あり)明(あけ)月(づき)夜(よ) (ariakezukiyo)
昼(ひる)の月(つき) (hiru no tsuki)
暁(あかつき)月(づく)夜(よ) (akatsukizukuyo)
暁(あかとき)月(づく)夜(よ) (akatokizukuyo)
暁(あかつき)月(づき)夜(よ) (akatsukizukiyo)
暁(あかつき)月(づき) (akatsukizuki)
暁(あかとき)月(づき) (akatokizuki)
暁(ぎょう)月(げつ) (gyōgetsu)
 雨(あま)夜(よ)の月(つき) (amayo no tsuki)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
晦
つもごり
Jinmeiyō
irregular
Alternative spelling
晦日

Alteration of tsugomori above.

Noun

晦(つもごり) • (tsumogori) 

  1. (rare, archaic) the darkening of moonlight
  2. (rare, by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month
Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 晦 (MC xwojH). Recorded as Middle Korean ⿰日毎/회〯 (hwǒy) (Yale: hwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

晦 (eumhun 그믐 회 (geumeum hoe))

  1. hanja form? of 회 (“last day of a lunar month”)

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

晦: Hán Nôm readings: hổi, hối, hói, hòi, hỗi, họi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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