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来. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
来, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
来 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
来 you have here. The definition of the word
来 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
来, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
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Stroke order
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Glyph origin
Variant of 來.
Han character
来 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木廿 (DT), composition ⿻未丷 or ⿻木䒑 or ⿻一米)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 513, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14489
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 21, character 9
- Unihan data for U+6765
Chinese
For pronunciation and definitions of 来 – see 來 (“to come; to arrive; to happen; to occur; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 來). |
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Japanese
Kanji
来
(Second grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 來)
Readings
- Go-on: らい (rai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: らい (rai, Jōyō)
- Kun: くる (kuru, 来る, Jōyō)、きたる (kitaru, 来る, Jōyō)、きたす (kitasu, 来す, Jōyō)、きし (kishi, 来し)、こし (koshi, 来し)
- Nanori: き (ki)、こ (ko)、な (na)、ゆき (yuki)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Alternative spelling
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來 (kyūjitai)
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From Middle Chinese 來 (MC loj).
Compare modern Mandarin 來/来 (lái).
Pronunciation
(Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)
Prefix
来 • (rai-)
- next..., coming...
Derived terms
Suffix
来 • (-rai)
- since..., in...
1944, Osamu Dazai, Tsugaru:この二、三年来、私は青森市へ二、三度行ったが...- Kono ni, sannen-rai, watashi wa Aomori-shi e ni, sando itta ga
- I went to Aomori two or three times in the past two or three years...
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Affix
来 • (rai)
- coming, arriving
- coming, approaching, passing
- from (some point in the) past to present
- coming in time
Derived terms
Proper noun
来 • (Rai)
- a surname, especially of those descended from swordsmiths arriving from Goryeo around the mid-Kamakura period
Etymology 2
Alternative spelling
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來 (kyūjitai)
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Pronunciation
Verb
来 • (ki)
- stem or continuative form of 来る (kuru)
Etymology 3
Alternative spelling
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來 (kyūjitai)
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From Old Japanese 來 (ku).
Verb
来 • (ku) intransitive †-ko
- (archaic, obsolete) to come (approach one’s position from a remote location, specifically towards the speaker)
- (archaic, obsolete) to go (to a direction or place far from the speaker but near the listener)
- (archaic, suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to
Conjugation
Stem forms
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Irrealis (未然形)
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来 |
こ |
ko
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Continuative (連用形)
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来 |
き |
ki
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Terminal (終止形)
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来 |
く |
ku
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Attributive (連体形)
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来る |
くる |
kuru
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Realis (已然形)
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来れ |
くれ |
kure
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Imperative (命令形)
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来 来よ |
こ こよ |
ko koyo
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Key constructions
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Negative
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来ず |
こず |
kozu
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Contrasting conjunction
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来れど |
くれど |
kuredo
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Causal conjunction
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来れば |
くれば |
kureba
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Conditional conjunction
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来ば |
こば |
koba
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Past tense (firsthand knowledge)
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来し 来し |
こし きし |
kosi kisi
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Past tense (secondhand knowledge)
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来けり |
きけり |
kikeri
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Perfect tense (conscious action)
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来つ |
きつ |
kitu
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Perfect tense (natural event)
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来ぬ |
きぬ |
kinu
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Perfect-continuative tense
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来たり |
きたり |
kitari
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Volitional
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来む |
こむ |
komu
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Attributive form, as the terminal form (lemma) does not exist for this construction in this conjugation.
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Derived terms