植

植	U+690D, 植 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-690D

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CJK Unified Ideographs

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Translingual

Stroke order
Japan

Han character

植 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木十月一 (DJBM), four-corner 4491₆, composition ⿰木直)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 536, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15023
Dae Jaweon: page 923, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1225, character 8
Unihan data for U+690D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		植
2nd round simp.		𰗝

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (直) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
置	*tɯɡs
值	dɯɡs, dɯɡ
植	dɯɡs, djɯɡ
埴	tʰjɯɡs, djɯɡ
惪	*tɯːɡ
德	*tɯːɡ
稙	*tɯɡ
淔	*tʰɯɡ
直	*dɯɡ
犆	*dɯɡ
殖	*djɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 直 (OC *dɯɡ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhí (zhi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җы (žɨ, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zik⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zet⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): ciit⁷
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̍t

(Meixian, Guangdong): ced⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): zeh⁵
Northern Min (KCR): cĭ
Eastern Min (BUC): sĭk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sia̍k / se̍k / si̍t / se̍t / ti̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêg⁴ / sig⁸ / sêg⁸
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸zeq / ⁸dzeq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhr⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhí
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhíh
  - Wade–Giles: chih²
  - Yale: jŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zi²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җы (žɨ, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zik⁶
  - Yale: jihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: jig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zet⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡set̚³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ciit⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɨt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: ciid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ced⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰət̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zeh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: sia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
  - Tâi-lô: si̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sek
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Changtai): /sek̚³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t
  - Tâi-lô: si̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sit
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sit̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍t
  - Tâi-lô: se̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: set
  - IPA (Hui'an): /set̚²³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t
  - Tâi-lô: ti̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dit
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tit̚⁴/

Note:

sia̍k/se̍k - literary;
si̍t/se̍t - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: sêg⁴ / sig⁸ / sêg⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sek / si̍k / se̍k
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /sek̚²/, /sik̚⁴/, /sek̚⁴/

Note:

sêg4 - literary;
sig8/sêg8 - vernacular (sêg8 - Jieyang).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸zeq
  - MiniDict: zeh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zeq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹²/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zəʔ²³/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸dzeq
  - MiniDict: dzeh^入
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡zəʔ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zhr⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sz̩²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 植
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʃz̩⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sz̩²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sz̩³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡səʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/zəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zei²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɨʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰət̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sek̚²/
	Nanning	/t͡sek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sik̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sik̚⁵/ /sit̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡siʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡si²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sek̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡sek̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: driH, dzyik

Rime
Character	植	植
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	直吏切	常職切
Baxter	driH	dzyik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨ^H/	/d͡ʑɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖɨ^H/	/d͡ʑɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡie^H/	/d͡ʑiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨ^H/	/d͡ʑik̚/
Li Rong	/ȡiə^H/	/ʑiək̚/
Wang Li	/ȡĭə^H/	/ʑĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi^H/	/ʑi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi⁶	sik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-t<r>ək-s/, /*m-t<r>ək-s/, /*m-tək/

(Zhengzhang): /*dɯɡs/, /*djɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	植	植	植
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhí	zhí	zhí
Middle Chinese	‹ dri^H ›	‹ dri^H ›	‹ dzyik ›
Old Chinese	/*N-t<r>ək-s/	/*m-t<r>ək-s/	/*m-tək/
English	grow, flourish	to plant, set upright	to plant; plants
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	植	植
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	17263	17273
Phonetic component	直	直
Rime group	代	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	值	寔
Old Chinese	/*dɯɡs/	/*djɯɡ/

Definitions

植

to plant; to grow; to cultivate
植樹／植树 ― zhíshù ― to plant trees
to set up; to establish
plant; flora
植被 ― zhíbèi ― vegetation
a surname

Synonyms

(to cultivate):

edit

培植 (péizhí)
栽
栽培 (zāipéi)
栽植 (zāizhí) (chiefly to transplant)
栽種 / 栽种 (zāizhòng)
樹 / 树 (shù) (obsolete)
盤栽 / 盘栽 (Xiamen Hokkien, chiefly to transplant, Zhangzhou Hokkien, chiefly to transplant)
移栽 (yízāi) (chiefly to transplant)
種 / 种 (zhòng)
種植 / 种植 (zhòngzhí)
種樹 / 种树 (zhòngshù) (Classical Chinese)

(to set up):

edit

倡辦 / 倡办 (chàngbàn)
創下 / 创下 (chuàngxià)
創制 / 创制 (chuàngzhì)
創建 / 创建 (chuàngjiàn)
創立 / 创立 (chuànglì)
創興 / 创兴 (chuàngxīng) (literary)
創設 / 创设 (chuàngshè)
創辦 / 创办 (chuàngbàn)
建立 (jiànlì)
建置 (jiànzhì)
成立 (chénglì)
搭建 (dājiàn)
施設 / 施设 (shīshè) (literary)
樹立 / 树立 (shùlì)
確立 / 确立 (quèlì)
立下 (lìxià)
組建 / 组建 (zǔjiàn)
興辦 / 兴办 (xīngbàn)
設 / 设 (shè)
設立 / 设立 (shèlì)
開創 / 开创 (kāichuàng)
開基 / 开基 (kāijī) (literary)
開建 / 开建 (kāijiàn)
開設 / 开设 (kāishè)
開辦 / 开办 (kāibàn)

(plant):

edit

株 (zhū)
植株 (zhízhū)
植物 (zhíwù)
植被 (zhíbèi)
歲物 / 岁物 (suìwù) (literary)
綠色植物 / 绿色植物 (lǜsè zhíwù)
花卉 (huāhuì)
花草 (huācǎo)
草木 (cǎomù)

Compounds

References

“植”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

植

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

plant

Readings

Go-on: じき (jiki)
Kan-on: しょく (shoku, Jōyō)、ち (chi)
Kan’yō-on: ちょく (choku)
Kun: うえる (ueru, 植える, Jōyō)^{←うゑる (uweru, 植ゑる, historical)}、うわる (uwaru, 植わる, Jōyō)、たてる (tateru, 植てる)

The reading ちょく is preferred in the typesetting/printing industry for words such as, and related to, 植字.

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

植 (eumhun 심을 식 (simeul sik))

hanja form^? of 식 (“to plant”)

Compounds

식물 (植物, singmul, “plant”)

Etymology 2

Hanja

植 (eumhun 둘 치 (dul chi))

(obsolete) Alternative form of 置 (“hanja form^? of 치 (“to put”)”)

Vietnamese

Han character

植: Hán Nôm readings: thực

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

植

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

Compounds

Etymology 2

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia