Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word
楚. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
楚, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
楚 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
楚 you have here. The definition of the word
楚 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
楚, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
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Han character
楚 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木木弓卜人 (DDNYO), four-corner 44801, composition ⿱林疋)
Derived characters
- 儊, 𠿝, 𡢟, 憷, 濋, 檚, 𪹵, 璴, 礎, 𨭣, 齼(𬺓)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 539, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15141
- Dae Jaweon: page 927, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1244, character 9
- Unihan data for U+695A
Chinese
Glyph origin
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Old Chinese
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疋
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*ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ
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蝑
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*sŋas, *sŋa
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壻
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*sŋeːs
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婿
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*sŋeːs
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胥
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*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
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稰
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*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
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楈
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*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
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諝
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*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
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湑
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*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
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揟
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*sŋa
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醑
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*sŋaʔ
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糈
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*sŋaʔ, *sŋraʔ
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楚
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*sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras
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礎
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*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
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憷
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*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
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齼
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*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
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濋
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*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
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儊
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*sŋ̊ʰras
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綀
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*sŋra
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疎
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*sŋra
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疏
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*sŋra, *sŋras
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蔬
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*sŋra
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梳
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*sŋra
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Originally, a compound formed by 林 (forest), 囗 (an enclosure), and 止 (a footprint pointing up) – according to Shuowen Jiezi, "a group of trees". Perhaps the whole character points to a location on space with a group of trees or a small forest. As seen on some versions on bronzes, the two bottom component were fused and stylized as 足, thus getting the old variant 䠂.
Eventually, the whole character was further stylized as Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras) : semantic 林 (“forest; grove; woods”) + phonetic 疋 (OC *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ). However, the phonetic component preserves part of the original drawing.
Etymology
Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *ɟrla(ː)ʔ (“thorn”).
Pronunciation
Rime
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Character
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楚
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楚
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Reading #
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1/2
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2/2
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Initial (聲)
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初 (19)
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初 (19)
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Final (韻)
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魚 (22)
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魚 (22)
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Tone (調)
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Rising (X)
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Departing (H)
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Openness (開合)
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Open
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Open
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Division (等)
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III
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III
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Fanqie
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創舉切
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瘡據切
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Baxter
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tsrhjoX
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tsrhjoH
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Reconstructions
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Zhengzhang Shangfang
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/t͡ʃʰɨʌX/
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/t͡ʃʰɨʌH/
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Pan Wuyun
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/ʈ͡ʂʰiɔX/
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/ʈ͡ʂʰiɔH/
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Shao Rongfen
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/t͡ʃʰiɔX/
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/t͡ʃʰiɔH/
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Edwin Pulleyblank
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/ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆X/
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/ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆H/
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Li Rong
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/t͡ʃʰiɔX/
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/t͡ʃʰiɔH/
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Wang Li
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/t͡ʃʰĭoX/
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/t͡ʃʰĭoH/
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Bernhard Karlgren
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/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯woX/
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/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯woH/
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Expected Mandarin Reflex
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chǔ
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chù
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Expected Cantonese Reflex
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co2
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co3
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Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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楚
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楚
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楚
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Reading #
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1/3
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2/3
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3/3
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
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chǔ
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chǔ
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chǔ
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Middle Chinese
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‹ tsrhjoX ›
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‹ tsrhjoX ›
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‹ tsrhjoX ›
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Old Chinese
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/*aʔ/
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/*s.r̥aʔ/
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/*s.r̥aʔ/
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English
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arrange in order
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thorns
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name of a state
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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楚
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楚
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Reading #
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1/2
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2/2
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No.
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11781
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11786
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Phonetic component
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疋
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疋
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Rime group
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魚
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魚
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Rime subdivision
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0
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0
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Corresponding MC rime
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楚
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楚
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Old Chinese
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/*sŋ̊ʰraʔ/
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/*sŋ̊ʰras/
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Definitions
楚
- (obsolete) Vitex; Chinese chaste tree (Vitex negundo)
- Synonym: 牡荆 (mǔjīng)
- (obsolete) thick growth of weeds or trees
- (historical) punishment cane
- (historical) to beat with a punishment cane
- painful; suffering
- 痛楚 ― tòngchǔ ― in great pain
- 苦楚 ― kǔchǔ ― suffering; misery
- neat; clear; orderly; arranged
- 清楚 ― qīngchǔ ― clear
- bright; gorgeous
- (obsolete) vulgar; unrefined
- (~國) (historical) Chu (an ancient Chinese viscounty and kingdom along the Yangtze River during the Zhou dynasty)
一齊人傅之,眾楚人咻之,雖日撻而求其齊也,不可得矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
一齐人傅之,众楚人咻之,虽日挞而求其齐也,不可得矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Yī Qí rén fù zhī, zhòng Chǔrén xiū zhī, suī rì tà ér qiú qí Qí yě, bùkě dé yǐ.
- If but one man of Qi be teaching him, and there be a multitude of men of Chu continually shouting out about him, although his father beat him every day, wishing him to learn the speech of Qi, it will be impossible for him to do so.
自懷王入秦不反,楚人憐之至今,故楚南公曰『楚雖三戶,亡秦必楚』也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
自怀王入秦不反,楚人怜之至今,故楚南公曰『楚虽三户,亡秦必楚』也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Zì Huái Wáng rù Qín bù fǎn, Chǔrén lián zhī zhì jīn, gù Chǔ Nán Gōng yuē ‘Chǔ suī sān hù, wáng Qín bì Chǔ’ yě.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- modern-day Hubei and Hunan (where the state of Chu was located)
- (specifically) Hubei
- a surname
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
楚
(Jinmeiyō kanji)
- whip
- cane
Readings
Korean
Hanja
楚 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
- name of feudal state
- clear
Vietnamese
Han character
楚: Hán Nôm readings: sở, sỡ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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