楽しい

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
たの
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
樂しい (kyūjitai)

Etymology

⟨tano1siki1 → */tanʷosikʲi//tanoshii/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] No Ryukyuan cognates exist; as as result, further derivation unknown. Theories include:[2]

  • A compound of (ta, hand, combining form) + 伸す (nosu, to extend)
    This is problematic, as nosu has first been attested starting from the early 900s, with no A/B distinction (see Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai for details).
  • From 田神 (tano, literally rice paddy god)
    No reading of (*no, god) exists.
  • A borrowing from an unknown language
    No words resemble *tanV meaning "fun" or "to enjoy".

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「楽しい
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 楽しく しく
のし

Terminal (終止形) 楽しい のし
Attributive (連体形) 楽しい のし
Key constructions
Informal negative 楽しくない しくない
のしくない

Informal past 楽しかった しかった
のしかった

Informal negative past 楽しくなかった しくなかった
のしくなかった

Formal 楽しいです のしいです
Conjunctive 楽しくて しくて
のしくて

Conditional 楽しければ しければ
のしければ

Adjective

(たの)しい (tanoshii-i (adverbial (たの)しく (tanoshiku))

  1. pleasant, delightful, fun, enjoyable

Inflection

Synonyms

Antonyms

References

  1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ 楽しい/たのしい - Gogen Yurai Jiten (in Japanese)
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN