欠く

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
欠
か
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
缺く (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「欠く」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		欠く かく
Imperative (命令形) 欠け かけ
Key constructions
Passive 欠かれる かかれる
Causative 欠かせる かかせる
Potential - - -
Volitional 欠こう かこー
Negative 欠かない かかない
Negative perfective 欠かなかった かかなかった
Formal 欠きます かきます
Perfective 欠いた かいた
Conjunctive 欠いて かいて
Hypothetical conditional 欠けば かけば

Verb

欠(か)く • (kaku) transitive godan (stem 欠(か)き (kaki), past 欠(か)いた (kaita))

Japanese verb pair
active 欠く
mediopassive 欠ける
  1. chip, break off a part
  2. lack
    敬意(けいい)を欠(か)いている
    keii o kaite iru
    lacking respect

Conjugation

Conjugation of "欠く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 欠か かか kaka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 欠き かき kaki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 欠く かく kaku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 欠く かく kaku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 欠け かけ kake
Meireikei ("imperative") 欠け かけ kake
Key constructions
Passive 欠かれる かかれる kakareru
Causative 欠かせる
欠かす 		かかせる
かかす 		kakaseru
kakasu
Potential 欠ける かける kakeru
Volitional 欠こう かこう kakō
Negative 欠かない かかない kakanai
Negative continuative 欠かず かかず kakazu
Formal 欠きます かきます kakimasu
Perfective 欠いた かいた kaita
Conjunctive 欠いて かいて kaite
Hypothetical conditional 欠けば かけば kakeba
Classical conjugation of "欠く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 欠か かか kaka
Continuative (連用形) 欠き かき kaki
Terminal (終止形) 欠く かく kaku
Attributive (連体形) 欠く かく kaku
Realis (已然形) 欠け かけ kake
Imperative (命令形) 欠け かけ kake
Key constructions
Negative 欠かず かかず kakazu
Contrasting conjunction 欠けど かけど kakedo
Causal conjunction 欠けば かけば kakeba
Conditional conjunction 欠かば かかば kakaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 欠きき かきき kakiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 欠きけり かきけり kakikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 欠きつ かきつ kakitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 欠きぬ かきぬ kakinu
Perfect-continuative tense 欠けり
欠きたり		 かけり
かきたり		 kakeri
kakitari
Volitional 欠かむ かかむ kakamu

References

  1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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