段

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See also: 假 and 殷
段 U+6BB5, 段
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BB5
← 殴
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 殶 →

Translingual

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

段 (Kangxi radical 79, 殳+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹十竹弓水 (HJHNE), four-corner 77447, composition ⿰⿰丨亖殳)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 584, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16619
  • Dae Jaweon: page 977, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2155, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6BB5

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 段

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 段
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (段) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鍛 *toːns
腶 *toːns
碫 *toːns
瑖 *toːns
緞 *doːnʔ, *doːns
段 *doːns
椴 *doːns
毈 *doːns

In the bronze script it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *doːns) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns) + semantic 殳, showing a hammer in hand breaking a stone with fragments coming off (Li Xueqin, 2012); 殳 was the pictogram of a hammer and later was borrowed to indicate a bamboo halberd. Most of the character is identical to 叚.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • tōaⁿ - vernacular;
  • toān - literary （incl. surname).
Note: duêng6/duang6 - surname.
Rime
Character 段
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒玩切
Baxter dwanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dʷɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dwanH/
Li
Rong 		/duɑnH/
Wang
Li 		/duɑnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱuɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		duàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dyun6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 段
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		duàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ twanH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁo-s/
English hammer

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 段
Reading # 1/1
No. 2534
Phonetic
component 		段
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		段
Old
Chinese 		/*doːns/

Definitions

段

  1. section; piece; division
  2. administrative unit; department (especially in railways)
    機務段／机务段  ―  jīwùduàn  ―  locomotive shed (literally "locomotive maintenance unit")
  3. (sports) grade; level (in chess, martial arts, etc.)
  4. Classifier for a segment or section of something that is long: piece; segment
  5. Classifier for a distance or a period of time.
  6. Classifier for writing, speech, etc.
  7. a surname
    段祺瑞  ―  Duàn Qíruì  ―  Duan Qirui (Chinese warlord and politician)

Usage notes

The component on the left-hand side of the character can be referred to as 段字旁 (duànzìpáng).

Synonyms

  • (classifier for a segment or section): (Cantonese, Min) 橛 (gyut6)

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Thai: ตอน (dtɔɔn)

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji

段

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. step
  2. rank; grade

Readings

  • Go-on: だん (dan, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: たん (tan)
  • Kun: きたえる (kitaeru)、わかち (wakachi)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
段
だん
Grade: 6
goon

Noun

段(だん) • (dan) 

  1. steps (up and down); stairs
  2. rating; ranking
  3. row; line (of text)
  4. (mathematics) multiplication table
    12(じゅうに)の段(だん)
    jūni no dan
    12 times table
  5. (typography) the equivalent to a column in Western layout, but that can be horizontal or vertical depending on the writing direction
    Meronym: 行 (gyō, “line”)
    段(だん)数(すう)
    dansū
    a column count
    段(だん)間(かん)
    dankan
    column spacing; gutter

Suffix

段(だん) • (-dan) 

  1. (after a number) -th rank; -th degree black belt (in karate, judo, etc)
  2. a section (horizontal line) in the gojūon table, which consists of kana that have or historically have had the same vowel
    は行(ぎょう)う段(だん)
    ha-gyō u-dan
    row ha, section u (of consonant /h/ and vowel /u/)
  3. (typography, newspapers) a unit in newspaper typesetting, equal to 1408 mils, 1408⁄1000 in, 128 U (U) and 16 倍 (bai)
Coordinate terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
段
たん
Grade: 6
kan'on
Alternative spelling
反

Pronunciation

Noun

段(たん) • (tan) 

  1. a unit of areal measure equivalent to 300 坪 (tsubo), now standardised at exactly 120000/121 square metres (around 991.7 m²)
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 段 (MC dwanH). Recorded as Middle Korean ⿰⿰丨亖⿱コ又/단〯 (tǎn) (Yale: tan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

段 (eumhun 구분 단 (gubun dan))

  1. hanja form? of 단 (“step”)

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

段: Hán Nôm readings: đoạn, đoàn

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