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See also:
U+6C0F, 氏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C0F

CJK Unified Ideographs
U+2F52, ⽒
KANGXI RADICAL CLAN

Kangxi Radicals

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 83, +0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹女心 (HVP), four-corner 72740, composition ⿸⿱丿𠄌𫠠)

  1. Kangxi radical #83, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №449

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 597, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17026
  • Dae Jaweon: page 988, character 30
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2130, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6C0F

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) . Various interpretations exist: a man bending over to sow the field (see also > and ),[1] the root of a tree (see also ),[2] a man bowing over to the right, a stick with a decoration on top to represent a clan, a spoon (according to Guo Moruo and due to similarity to ), a mallet, a man holding an object, etc.

On bronze inscriptions, a black dot was added inside the vertical stroke of the character; then, this point turned into a horizontal stroke 一 while the vertical stroke mutated into a curved trait.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation


Note:
  • si6 - literary;
  • zin1 - colloquial.

Rime
Character
Reading # 3/3
Initial () (25)
Final () (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter dzyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑiə̆X/
Li
Rong
/ʑieX/
Wang
Li
/ʑǐeX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʑie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
si6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shì
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyeX ›
Old
Chinese
/*k.deʔ/
English clan

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 3/3
No. 11523
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡjeʔ/
Notes


Definitions

  1. clan; family; lineage; hereditary house
    夏后  ―  xiàhòushì  ―  The (Sovereign) House of Xia
      ―  shì  ―  tribe; clan
  2. surname
  3. person with the surname of ...; Mr.
    無名无名  ―  wúmíngshì  ―  Anonymous
  4. (historical) née; born as; maiden name
  5. suffix to a personal proper noun for attribution (of a work, invention, discovery, etc.)
    春秋春秋  ―  “Lǚshìchūnqiū”  ―  's Spring and Autumn
      ―  ōushìguǎn  ―  Eustachian tube
  6. (Classical) suffix to a noun that refers to family membership (actual or honorary)
Usage notes
  • The meaning of "née" has become largely obsolete, as current Chinese practice is for married women to continue to use their former surnames. The practice of sometimes adopting the husband's surname is being revived, however. follows the maiden name, which follows the married name (“née Zhang”), 張氏 (“Li née Zhang”), or 張氏 (“married to a lady of the Zhang clan”).
See also

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3
Initial () (23)
Final () (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsye
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciə̆/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕie/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕǐe/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/3
No. 11515
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kje/
Notes

Definitions

  1. Used in 月氏 (yuèzhī, “Yuezhi”).
  2. Used in 閼氏阏氏 (yānzhī, “wife of a Xiongnu chief”).

Compounds

Etymology 3

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/3
Initial () (13)
Final () (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsjeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡siᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡siɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡siæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡siajŋ/
Li
Rong
/t͡siɛŋ/
Wang
Li
/t͡sĭɛŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/t͡si̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zing1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3
No. 11513
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*skeŋ/
Notes

Definitions

  1. Only used in 狋氏 (“name of an ancient county”).

References

  1. ^ Retrieved 2019-12-11
  2. ^ Retrieved 2019-12-11

Japanese

Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: (ji) (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: うじ (uji, , Jōyō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC dzyeX).

Pronunciation

  • Pitch accent only applies when used as a standalone noun.

Noun

() (shi

  1. a family, a clan
  2. a certain person

Suffix

() (-shi

  1. (honorific) Mr.; Ms.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
うじ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
うじ
(historical) a clan
a family name, a surname
one's house, birth, lineage
(historical, honorific) a clan (added after the clan name as an honorific)
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese (MC dzyeX). Has unusual tensing, the only other such readings being (ssang) and (kkik).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 씽〯 (Yale: ssǐ)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 각시〮 (Yale: kàksí) 시〮 (Yale: )

Pronunciation

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 성씨(姓氏) (seongssi ssi))

  1. hanja form? of (lineage; surname)
  2. hanja form? of (Mr.; Ms.)

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese (MC tsye).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 (Yale: )

Pronunciation

Hanja

(eumhun 나라 이름 (nara ireum ji))

  1. (historical) hanja form? of (Only used in 월지 (月氏, wolji))

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: thị

  1. chữ Hán form of Thị (a female middle name).
    阮氏BNguyễn Thị BJane Doe