氓
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Translingual
Han character
氓 (Kangxi radical 83, 氏+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜女口女心 (YVRVP), four-corner 07747, composition ⿰亡民)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 598, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17030
- Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2131, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6C13
Chinese
| trad. | 氓 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 氓 | |
| alternative forms | 𣱅 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 氓 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 忙 | *maːŋ |
| 芒 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 茫 | *maːŋ |
| 恾 | *maːŋ |
| 吂 | *maːŋ, *maːŋs |
| 汒 | *maːŋ, *maŋs |
| 朚 | *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs |
| 邙 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 杗 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 荒 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs |
| 肓 | *hmaːŋ |
| 衁 | *hmaːŋ |
| 巟 | *hmaːŋ |
| 詤 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ |
| 慌 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ |
| 謊 | *hmaːŋʔ |
| 喪 | *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ |
| 亡 | *maŋ |
| 望 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 莣 | *maŋ |
| 朢 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 鋩 | *maŋ |
| 硭 | *maŋ |
| 忘 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 网 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 罔 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 蛧 | *maŋʔ |
| 網 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 輞 | *maŋʔ |
| 棢 | *maŋʔ |
| 惘 | *maŋʔ |
| 菵 | *maŋʔ |
| 誷 | *maŋʔ |
| 魍 | *maŋʔ |
| 妄 | *maŋs |
| 盲 | *mraːŋ |
| 蝱 | *mraːŋ |
| 虻 | *mraːŋ |
| 氓 | *mraːŋ |
| 甿 | *mraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mraːŋ) : phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ) + semantic 民 (“people”).
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mong4 / man4
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng2 / morng2
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: máng
- Wade–Giles: mang2
- Yale: máng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mang
- Palladius: ман (man)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mong4 / man4
- Yale: mòhng / màhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: mong4 / man4
- Guangdong Romanization: mong4 / men4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɔːŋ²¹/, /mɐn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: meng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɛŋ¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: morng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɒŋ¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- meng2 - literary;
- morng2 - vernacular.
- Southern Min
Note:
- bâng - literary;
- bîn - vernacular (俗).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: mang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /maŋ⁵⁵/
Definitions
氓
- Only used in 流氓 (liúmáng).
Compounds
Etymology 2
| trad. | 氓 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 氓 | |
| alternative forms | 萌 | |
Cognate with Tibetan དམངས (dmangs, “ordinary people; populace”), Tibetan འབངས ('bangs, “subjects”) (Benedict, 1976). Unrelated to 民 (OC *min, “people”); probably unrelated to etymology 1 (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: méng
- Wade–Giles: mêng2
- Yale: méng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meng
- Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɤŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mang4 / man4
- Yale: màhng / màhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: mang4 / man4
- Guangdong Romanization: meng4 / men4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐŋ²¹/, /mɐn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: meang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤrŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋ/
Definitions
氓
- (literary) people; folk
- alt. forms: 萌, 甿 (méng)
- 氓之蚩蚩，抱布貿絲。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Méng zhī chīchī, bào bù mào sī.
- A simple-looking lad you were,
Carrying cloth to exchange it for silk.
氓之蚩蚩，抱布贸丝。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- nomad; wanderer (used to refer to migrants in ancient China)
Compounds
References
- “氓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “氓”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 151.
- zi.tools
Japanese
Kanji
氓
- people, subjects
Readings
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 氓 |
| ぼう Hyōgai |
| kan'yōon |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Affix
Korean
Hanja
氓 • (maeng) (hangeul 맹, revised maeng, McCune–Reischauer maeng, Yale mayng)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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