汗

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汗 U+6C57, 汗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C57
← 汖
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 汘 →

Translingual

Han character

汗 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水一十 (EMJ), four-corner 31140, composition ⿰氵干)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 605, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17130
  • Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1550, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6C57

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 汗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訐 *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝 *kaːn
竿 *kaːn
干 *kaːn
奸 *kaːn
玕 *kaːn
汗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀 *kaːn
忓 *kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱 *kaːn
邗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆 *kaːnʔ
矸 *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠 *kaːnʔ
皯 *kaːnʔ
衦 *kaːnʔ
簳 *kaːnʔ
擀 *kaːnʔ
旰 *kaːns
盰 *kaːns
幹 *kaːns
杆 *kaːns
骭 *kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿 *kaːnʔ
趕 *kaːnʔ
稈 *kaːnʔ
刊 *kʰaːn
靬 *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎 *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇 *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸 *ŋɡaːns
鼾 *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕 *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊 *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊 *qʰaːnʔ
虷 *ɡaːn
旱 *ɡaːnʔ
皔 *ɡaːnʔ
釬 *ɡaːns
扞 *ɡaːns
閈 *ɡaːns
馯 *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍 *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍 *ɡaːns
銲 *ɡaːns
垾 *ɡaːns
駻 *ɡaːns
睅 *ɡʷranʔ
娨 *ɡraːns
飦 *kan
赶 *ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒 *qʰan
蓒 *qʰan
酐 *qʰaːŋʔ
澣 *ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns) : semantic 水 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-(k/ŋ)rul (“sweat”). Compare Tibetan རྔུལ (rngul, “sweat”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • gâng - vernacular;
  • hâng - literary.
Note:
  • kōaⁿ - vernacular;
  • hān - literary.
Note:
  • guan7 - vernacular;
  • hang2 - literary.
Rime
Character 汗
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 侯旰切
Baxter hanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦanH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɑnH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣɑnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hon6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 汗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hanH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.ˁa-s/
English sweat (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 汗
Reading # 3/3
No. 3616
Phonetic
component 		干
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		翰
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡaːns/

Definitions

汗

  1. sweat; perspiration (Classifier: 滴 m c)
    我正流著汗。／我正流着汗。  ―  Wǒ zhèng liú zhe hàn.  ―  I'm dripping with sweat.
    出了一頭大汗／出了一头大汗  ―  chū le yī tóu dà hàn  ―  to sweat so much that the head is drenched
    他去跑步流了一身汗。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Tā qù pǎobù liú le yī shēn hàn.
    He is drenched in sweat after running.
  2. (literary, or in compounds) to sweat; to perspire
  3. (literary) condensation on bamboo when put over fire
  4. Used in 汗漫.
  5. (Internet slang) Word used to express embarrassment, speechlessness or helplessness.
  6. a surname: Han
Synonyms
  • (perspiration): 汗水 (hànshuǐ)
  • (to sweat):

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Zhuang: hanh

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 汗
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡安切
Baxter han
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦan/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɑn/
Wang
Li 		/ɣɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hon4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 汗
Reading # 2/3
No. 3612
Phonetic
component 		干
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		寒
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡaːn/

Definitions

汗

  1. Short for 可汗 (kèhán).
    蒙古大汗  ―  Ménggǔ dàhàn  ―  Mongol Khagan
  2. a surname: Han

Compounds

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 汗
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古寒切
Baxter kan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kan/
Li
Rong 		/kɑn/
Wang
Li 		/kɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gon1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 汗
Reading # 1/3
No. 3573
Phonetic
component 		干
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		干
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːn/

Definitions

汗

  1. Only used in 餘汗／馀汗.

Japanese

Kanji

汗

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. sweat

Readings

  • Go-on: がん (gan)
  • Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
  • Kun: あせ (ase, 汗, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *asya.

Pronunciation

Noun

汗(あせ) • (ase) 

  1. sweat
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
汗
かん
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 汗 (MC han|kan|hanH).

Pronunciation

Affix

汗(かん) • (kan) 

  1. sweat

Noun

汗(かん) • (kan) 

  1. Synonym of ハン (han): khan

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “あせ 【汗】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  3. ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
  4. ^ “かん 【汗】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  5. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

汗 (eum 한 (han))

  1. (땀 한, ttam-): sweat
  2. (물 질펀할 한, mul-jilpeonhal-): flood
  3. (되 임금 한, doe-imgeum-): khan

Synonyms

Compounds

See also

Okinawan

Kanji

汗

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Noun

汗(あし) (ashi) 

  1. sweat

Vietnamese

Han character

汗: Hán Nôm readings: cạn, hãn, khan

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