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U+6D41, 流
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D41

CJK Unified Ideographs
U+F9CA, 流
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CA

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

U+FA97, 流
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA97

CJK Compatibility Ideographs
流 U+2F902, 流
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F902
海
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 浩

Translingual

Stroke order
Mainland China, Japan and Korea
Stroke order
Taiwan

Alternative forms

  • In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing character form), Japanese kanji, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Nôm, the upper right component 𠫓 is written (4 strokes) while the bottom right stroke is written with an ending hook which is the historical form found in the Kangxi Dictionary.
  • In Taiwan and Hong Kong (based on Big5 character form), the upper right component 𠫓 is written (3 strokes) while the bottom right stroke is written without the ending hook.
  • Three CJK compatibility ideographs exist for this character:
    • U+F9CA corresponds to a duplicate character found in South Korea's KS X 1001 character set.
    • U+FA97 corresponds to an alternative form used in North Korea which is similar to the character used in Taiwan/Hong Kong.
    • U+2F902 corresponds to an alternative form used in Taiwan which is similar to the character used in mainland China/Japan/Korea but the bottom right stroke is written without the ending hook.

Han character

(Kangxi radical 85, +7, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 水卜戈山 (EYIU), four-corner 34113, composition (GJKV or U+F9CA or U+2F902) or 𠫓丿(HT or U+FA97))

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 623, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17572
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1019, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1631, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+6D41

Chinese

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
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Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ru) : semantic (water) + phonetic ().

Etymology

Cognate with Tibetan རྒྱུ་ (rgyu, to move, to go, to wander) (Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • lâu - vernacular;
  • liǔ - literary.
Note:
  • làu - vernacular;
  • liù - literary.
Note:
  • lao2 - vernacular;
  • liu2 - literary.
Note:
  • lâu - vernacular;
  • liû - literary.
Note:
  • lao5 - vernacular;
  • liu5 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: lao5 / liu5
      • Sinological IPA: /lau²²/, /liu²²/
Note:
  • lao5 - vernacular;
  • liu5 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ljuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/liu/
Shao
Rongfen
/liəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/luw/
Li
Rong
/liu/
Wang
Li
/lĭəu/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/li̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
liú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
lau4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
liú
Middle
Chinese
‹ ljuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*ru/
English flow (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 8335
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ru/
Notes

Definitions

  1. to flow
      ―  liúhàn  ―  to sweat
      ―  liúlèi  ―  to cry; to let tears flow
      ―  liúxuè  ―  to bleed
  2. to drift; to wander
      ―  liúlián  ―  to linger; to be reluctant to leave
  3. class; grade
      ―  liú  ―  first class; top grade
  4. (of water, electricity, other fluids) current; flow; stream
      ―  liú  ―  airflow
      ―  diànliú  ―  electric current
  5. to spread; to scatter; to disseminate
    Synonyms: 留傳 / 留传 (liúchuán), 散佈 / 散布 (sànbù)
      ―  liúyán  ―  rumors; gossip
      ―  liúfāng  ―  to leave a good reputation
  6. (physics) Short for 流明 (liúmíng, “lumen”).
  7. (mathematics) flow
  8. (computing) stream
  9. (Cantonese, Hakka) of poor quality
    [Cantonese]  ―  lau4 je5   ―  poor-quality goods
  10. (Cantonese) fake; ingenuine
    Antonym:  / (gin1) (Cantonese)
    [Cantonese]  ―  lau4 liu6-2   ―  false information; fake news

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]

流󠄂
+&#xE0102;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC ljuw).

Pronunciation

Noun

(りゅう) (ryūりう (riu)?

  1. the flow of water or something like water
  2. art forms, methods, styles, and techniques peculiar to a person or house

Affix

(りゅう) (ryūりう (riu)?

  1. current, flow, stream, waterflow
  2. flowing, washing
  3. spread

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “”, in 字通 (Jitsū) (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1273 (paper), page 687 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 752 (paper), page 389 (digital)
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC ljuw). Recorded as Middle Korean (lyu) (Yale: lyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 흐를 (heureul ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 흐를 (heureul yu))

  1. hanja form? of ] (flow)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: lưu[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: lưu[1][2]

  1. stream; flow

References