淚

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See also: 泪 and 涙
淚 U+6DDA, 淚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DDA
← 淙
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 淛 →
淚 U+F94D, 淚
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F94D
← 樓
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 漏 →

Translingual

Traditional 淚
Shinjitai 涙
Simplified 泪

Han character

淚 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水竹尸大 (EHSK) or 難水竹尸大 (XEHSK), four-corner 33134, composition ⿰氵戾)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 630, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17644
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1032, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1662, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6DDA

Chinese

trad. 淚
simp. 泪
alternative forms 㴃

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (戾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
錑 *ruːds
戻 *tʰɯːds
戾 *rɯːds, *rɯːd
綟 *rɯːds, *rɯːd
唳 *rɯːds, *rɯːd
蜧 *rɯːds
捩 *rɯːds, *rɯːd
悷 *rɯːds
淚 *ruds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ruds) : semantic 水 + phonetic 戾 (OC *rɯːds, *rɯːd).

Etymology 1

Often thought to be related to 泣 (OC *k-r̥əp, “to weep”) (Mei, 1980b; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

However, Schuessler (2007, 2015) finds this phonologically problematic. He instead proposes that 淚 (OC *r(i)uts) derives from 流 (OC *r(i)u, “to flow”) + *-t (suffix in nouns for naturally occurring things), literally "the things that are flowing".

Pronunciation

Note:
  • lui5 - literary;
  • li5 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 淚
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 脂 (16)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力遂切
Baxter lwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liuɪH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lʷiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljuɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lwiH/
Li
Rong 		/luiH/
Wang
Li 		/lwiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lwiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lèi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		leoi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 淚
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lèi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lwijH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*p-s/
English tears (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 淚
Reading # 1/1
No. 7948
Phonetic
component 		戾
Rime
group 		隊
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		類
Old
Chinese 		/*ruds/
Notes 見戰國策

Definitions

淚

  1. tear; teardrop
    流淚／流泪  ―  liúlèi  ―  to shed tears
  2. (literary) to weep; to cry

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 眼淚 (“tears”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 淚, 涕
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 眼淚, 淚水, 淚液
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 眼淚兒
Taiwan 眼淚
Ulanhot 眼淚
Tongliao 眼淚
Chifeng 眼淚
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 眼淚
Harbin 眼淚
Malaysia 眼淚
Singapore 眼淚
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 眼淚兒
Jinan 眼淚, 淚
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 淚, 眼淚
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 眼淚
Wanrong 淚顆
Xi'an 眼淚
Xining 眼淚
Xuzhou 眼淚
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 眼淚
Bayanhot 眼淚
Lanzhou 眼淚
Ürümqi 眼淚
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 眼淚, 眼淚花兒, 眼淚水, 眼流水, 眼睛水兒, 眼睛水
Wuhan 眼淚
Guiyang 眼淚水, 眼淚
Guilin 眼淚
Liuzhou 眼淚
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 眼淚 †, 眼水 ‡
Yangzhou 眼力水, 眼淚
Hefei 眼水
Cantonese Guangzhou 眼淚 †, 眼水 ‡, 眼淚水
Hong Kong 眼淚 †, 馬尿 †, 眼水 ‡
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 眼淚
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 眼淚
Macau 眼淚
Guangzhou (Panyu) 眼淚, 眼淚水
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 眼淚
Guangzhou (Conghua) 眼水
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 眼淚
Foshan 眼淚
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 眼水
Foshan (Shunde) 眼淚
Foshan (Sanshui) 眼淚
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 眼淚
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 眼淚
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 眼淚
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 眼淚
Zhuhai (Doumen) 眼淚
Jiangmen (Baisha) 眼淚
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 眼淚
Taishan 眼淚 †, 眼水 ‡
Kaiping (Chikan) 眼淚
Enping (Niujiang) 眼淚
Heshan (Yayao) 眼水
Dongguan 眼淚
Shaoguan 眼淚
Yunfu 眼淚
Yangjiang 眼淚
Xinyi 眼淚
Lianjiang 眼淚, 眼汁
Nanning 眼淚
Wuzhou 眼淚
Yulin 眼淚
Hepu (Lianzhou) 眼淚
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 眼淚
Singapore (Guangfu) 眼淚
Gan Nanchang 眼淚
Lichuan 眼淚
Pingxiang 眼淚
Jianning 眼涕
Taining 目水
Hakka Meixian 目汁
Xingning 目汁, 眼水
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 眼淚
Huidong (Daling) 目汁
Dongguan (Qingxi) 眼汁
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 眼汁
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 眼汁
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 眼汁
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 眼水
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 眼汁
Changting 目汁
Wuping 目汁
Wuping (Pingyu) 目汁
Liancheng 目汁
Ninghua 眼汁
Yudu 眼淚
Ruijin 眼泣水
Shicheng 眼鼻水
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 目汁
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 目汁
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 目汁
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 目汁
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 目汁
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 目汁
Hong Kong 眼汁
Luchuan (Daqiao) 眼水
Sabah (Longchuan) 眼汁
Senai (Huiyang) 眼汁
Singkawang 目汁
Huizhou Jixi 眼淚, 眼淚水
Jin Taiyuan 眼淚, 淚
Xinzhou 眼淚
Taibus (Baochang) 淚
Linhe 眼淚
Jining 淚
Hohhot 淚蛋蛋
Baotou 淚
Dongsheng 眼淚
Haibowan 淚
Northern Min Jian'ou 目澤, 目澤水
Eastern Min Fuzhou 目滓
Fuqing 目滓
Matsu 目滓
Southern Min Xiamen 目屎
Xiamen (Tong'an) 目屎
Quanzhou 目屎, 目滓
Jinjiang 目屎
Zhangzhou 目屎, 目滓
Zhao'an 目汁
Dongshan 目汁
Taipei 目屎
Kaohsiung 目屎
Yilan 目屎
Changhua (Lukang) 目屎
Taichung 目屎
Taichung (Wuqi) 目屎
Tainan 目屎
Taitung 目屎
Hsinchu 目屎
Penghu (Magong) 目屎
Penang (Hokkien) 目油
Singapore (Hokkien) 目屎
Manila (Hokkien) 目屎
Pingnan (Shangdu) 眼淚
Chaozhou 目汁
Raoping 目汁
Shantou 目汁
Jieyang 目汁
Haifeng 目汁
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 目汁
Singapore (Teochew) 目汁
Leizhou 目汁
Haikou 目汁
Puxian Min Putian 目滓
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 目滓
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 目滓
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 目滓
Xianyou 目滓
Xianyou (Fengting) 目滓
Xianyou (Youyang) 目滓
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 目珠水
Guangze 目珠水
Jiangle 目汁
Mingxi 目汁
Shunchang 目汁
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 目睭汁
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 目汁
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 眼淚, 眼淚水
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 眼淚
Waxiang Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 眼水
Wu Shanghai 眼淚水, 眼淚
Shanghai (Chongming) 眼淚水, 眼淚
Suzhou 眼淚, 眼淚水
Danyang 眼月
Hangzhou 眼淚水兒
Ningbo 眼淚水, 眼淚
Wenzhou 眼淚, 眼淚水
Jinhua 眼淚
Jinhua (Tangxi) 眼漏
Xiang Changsha 眼淚水, 眼淚
Loudi 眼淚
Shuangfeng 眼淚
Hengyang 眼淚水
Quanzhou 眼淚
Note † - from crying; ‡ - from irritation

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (淚):
  • → Vietnamese: lệ (淚)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

淚

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai

涙

Kyūjitai

淚

Kanji

淚

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 涙)

  1. tears

Readings

Korean

Hanja

淚 (eumhun 눈물 루 (nunmul ru), word-initial (South Korea) 눈물 누 (nunmul nu))

  1. hanja form? of ] (“tear”)
  2. hanja form? of ] (“weep, cry”)

Vietnamese

Han character

淚: Hán Nôm readings: lệ, lụy/luỵ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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