渾

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See also: 浑
渾 U+6E3E, 渾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E3E
← 渽
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 渿 →

Translingual

Han character

渾 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水月十十 (EBJJ), four-corner 37156, composition ⿰氵軍)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 635, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17800
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1043, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1687, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6E3E

Chinese

trad. 渾
simp. 浑

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 渾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
揮 *qʰul
輝 *qʰul
翬 *qʰul
暉 *qʰul
煇 *qʰul, *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ
楎 *qʰul, *ɡuːn
瀈 *qʰul
韗 *qʰons, *ɢuns
褌 *kuːn
鶤 *kuːn, *ɢuns
緷 *kuːnʔ, *ɡuːnʔ, *ɢuns
睴 *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ
璭 *kuːns
瘒 *ŋɡuːn
顐 *ŋɡuːn, *ŋɡuːns, *ɡuːn
諢 *ŋɡuːns
餫 *ɡuːn, *ɢuns
渾 *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ
琿 *ɡuːn
鼲 *ɡuːn
堚 *ɡuːn
鯶 *ɡuːnʔ
軍 *kun
皸 *kun, *kuns
齳 *ŋɡunʔ
喗 *ŋɡunʔ
葷 *qʰun
惲 *qunʔ
賱 *qunʔ
運 *ɢuns
暈 *ɢuns
鄆 *ɢuns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • hung1 - totally;
  • hung6 - other senses.
    Rime
    Character 渾
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 魂 (55)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 戸昆切
    Baxter hwon
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦuən/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦuon/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣuən/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦwən/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣuən/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣuən/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣuən/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		hún
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		wan4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 渾
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		hún
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hwon ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ˁr/
    English chaotic

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 渾
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 7321
    Phonetic
    component         		軍
    Rime
    group         		文
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		䰟
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡuːn/

    Definitions

    渾

    1. (obsolete) sound of spouting water
    2. muddy; turbid
    3. foolish; stupid
    4. simple and natural; unsophisticated
      渾樸／浑朴  ―  húnpǔ  ―  simple and natural
    5. whole; complete
      渾身不舒服／浑身不舒服  ―  húnshēn bùshūfú  ―  the whole body feels uncomfortable
    6. (literary) simply, in short
    7. (literary) still
    8. name of several rivers
    9. Short for 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún).
    10. a surname
    Synonyms
    Dialectal synonyms of 渾 (“muddy; turbid”)
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 渾濁, 混濁
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 渾
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 渾
    Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 溷
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 渾
    Wuhan 渾
    Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 渾
    Hefei 渾
    Cantonese Guangzhou 濁
    Hong Kong 濁
    Yangjiang 濁
    Gan Nanchang 渾
    Hakka Meixian 渾
    Jin Taiyuan 溷
    Northern Min Jian'ou 渾, 濁
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 渾
    Southern Min Xiamen 醪, 醪濁
    Zhangzhou 醪
    Chaozhou 醪
    Haikou 醪
    Wu Suzhou 渾
    Wenzhou 渾
    Xiang Changsha 渾
    Shuangfeng 渾

    Compounds

    Pronunciation 2

    Rime
    Character 渾
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 魂 (55)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 胡本切
    Baxter hwonX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦuənX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦuonX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣuənX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦwənX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣuənX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣuənX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣuənX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		hùn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		wan6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 渾
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		hún
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hwonX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ˁurʔ/
    English chaotic

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 渾
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 7328
    Phonetic
    component         		軍
    Rime
    group         		文
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		混
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡuːnʔ/

    Definitions

    渾

    1. large
    2. to mix; to muddle
    3. simple; plain
    4. pure
    5. Short for 渾天／浑天.
    6. Short for 渾天儀／浑天仪 (húntiānyí).

    Compounds

    Pronunciation 3

    For pronunciation and definitions of 渾 – see 混 (“torrential; turbid; etc.”).
    (This character is a variant form of 混).

    Pronunciation 4

    Definitions

    渾

    1. Only used in 渾渾／浑浑 (gǔngǔn, “alternative form of 滾滾; rolling along”).
    2. to fall

    Japanese

    Kanji

    渾

    (Jinmeiyō kanji)

    1. all
    2. turbidity

    Readings

    • Go-on: ごん (gon)
    • Kan-on: こん (kon)
    • Kun: にごる (nigoru, 渾る)、すべて (subete, 渾て)、まじる (majiru, 渾じる)

    Korean

    Hanja

    渾 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon, Yale hon)

    1. muddy, turbid
    2. blend, merge, mix

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    渾: Hán Nôm readings: hồn, hỗn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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