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U+6FDF, 濟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FDF

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

(Kangxi radical 85, +14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水卜難 (EYX), four-corner 30123, composition )

Derived characters

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 656, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18498
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1066, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1771, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+6FDF

Chinese

trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls) : semantic (water) + phonetic (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).

Etymology 1

Austroasiatic. Base form, without nominal n-infix, of 西 (OC *snə̂i) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology.

(OC *ʔslin) is its n-nominalized derivative (ibid.).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (13)
Final () (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter tsejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡seiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡seiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sɛjH/
Li
Rong
/t͡seiH/
Wang
Li
/t͡sieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zai3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 4/5 5/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsejH › ‹ tsejH ›
Old
Chinese
/*ˁj(ʔ)-s/ /*ˁj(ʔ)-s/
English cross a stream; rescue stop

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 10048
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔsliːls/

Definitions

  1. to cross a river; to ferry
  2. to help; to aid; to relieve
  3. to be of help; useful

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (13)
Final () (39)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter tsejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡seiX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡seiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sɛjX/
Li
Rong
/t͡seiX/
Wang
Li
/t͡sieiX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zai2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/5 2/5 3/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsejX › ‹ tsejX › ‹ tsejX ›
Old
Chinese
/*ˁjʔ/ /*ˁəjʔ/ /*ˁəjʔ/
English numerous stately

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 10043
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔsliːlʔ/

Definitions

  1. (~水) Ji River
  2. Used in 濟濟济济 (jǐjǐ, “horde of people; multitude”).

Compounds

Etymology 3

trad.
simp.
alternative forms

chiefly Teochew
𰨦

 

Yue-Hashimoto (1976) relates it to Proto-Tai *ʰlaːjᴬ (many; much), whence Zhuang lai. This Tai word is probably related to (OC *ʔl'aːl) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. (Min) many; much
Synonyms

Compounds

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. Kyūjitai form of

Readings

  • Go-on: さい (sai)
  • Kan-on: せい (sei)
  • Kun: すむ (sumu, 濟む)

Korean

Etymology

“to help; etc.”

From Middle Chinese (MC tsejH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 졩〮 (Yale: cyéy?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 거느〮릴〯 졔〯 / 건널〮 졔〯 Recorded as Middle Korean 졔〯 (cyěy) (Yale: cyěy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Early Modern Korean
Text Final (韻) Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 건널 Recorded as Early Modern Korean  (Yale: cyey) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.
“many”

From Middle Chinese (MC tsejX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 졩〯 (Yale: cyěy?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Early Modern Korean
Text Final (韻) Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 셩ᄒᆞᆯ Recorded as Early Modern Korean  (Yale: cyey) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 건널 (geonneol je))

  1. hanja form? of (to help; to aid; to relieve)
  2. (literary) hanja form? of (to cross a river)
  3. (literary) hanja form? of (many)
    제제 (濟濟)jeje(of people) many

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: tế ((tử)(lễ)(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
: Nôm readings: tế[1][3][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of tế (to help; to aid; to relieve).

Compounds

References