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U+71B1, 熱
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71B1

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 86, +11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土戈火 (GIF), four-corner 45331, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 681, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19360
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1092, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2230, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+71B1

Chinese

trad.
simp.
alternative forms 𤍠
𤉟
𤋩
𤎮
𪌌

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ŋjed) : phonetic (OC *ŋeds) + semantic (fire).

Etymology

Schuessler (2024) considers this a *-t derivation of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwe (warm), whence also Burmese နွေး (nwe:, warm; lukewarm), နွှေး (hnwe:, to warm something; to revise).

Often considered to be related to (OC *ŋʷjed, “to burn; to toast”) and (OC *njod, “hot”).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • loa̍h/joa̍h - vernacular (“hot (of the weather)”);
  • lia̍t/jia̍t/gia̍t - literary (“heated; to heat up; fever; craze; popular; enthusiastic; heaty; to put cooking oil”).
Note:
  • riag8 - literary;
  • riêg8 - literary (Chaozhou);
  • ruah8 - vernacular.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: yieg8 / yua6
      • Sinological IPA: /ziek̚²/, /zua³³/
Note:
  • yieg8 - literary;
  • yua6 - vernacular.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʐɤ⁵¹/
Harbin /ʐɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /iɤ⁵³/
/ʐɤ⁵³/
Jinan /ʐə²¹/
Qingdao /iə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐʐ̩ɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /ʐɤ²¹/
Xining /ʐɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʐə¹³/
Lanzhou /ʐə¹³/
Ürümqi /ʐɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /nɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /ze³¹/
Guiyang /zɛ²¹/
Kunming /ʐə³¹/
Nanjing /ʐəʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʐɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zaʔ²/
Pingyao /ʐʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /ʐaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ȵiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵi²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ne²²/
Tunxi /ȵia¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ye²⁴/
Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /lɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ŋiet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jit̚²/
Nanning /jit̚²²/
Hong Kong /jit̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liat̚⁵/
/luaʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iɛ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /ziak̚⁵/
/zuaʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zit̚³/
/zua³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (38)
Final () (81)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter nyet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵiᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑjæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵiat̚/
Li
Rong
/ȵiɛt̚/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭɛt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi̯ɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jit6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ nyet ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.nat/ (or *C.ŋet?)
English hot

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 15099
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋjed/

Definitions

  1. hot; heated; having a high temperature
      ―  yī bēi chá  ―  a cup of hot tea
    小心 [Cantonese, trad.]
    小心 [Cantonese, simp.]
    di1 tong1 zung6 hou2 jit6, siu2 sam1 di1 laa1.
    The soup's still hot; be careful.
    小心 [MSC, trad.]
    小心 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāng hái ne, yào xiǎoxīn.
    The soup's still hot; be careful.
    聽候趕緊落去 [Hokkien, trad.]
    听候赶紧落去 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Thèng-hāu tiáⁿ lia̍t ê sî, ài kóaⁿ-kín khǹg iû lo̍h-khì. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Once the pan is hot enough, you must put the oil down quickly.
  2. hot (of the weather)
    今天今天  ―  Jīntiān hěn .  ―  It is quite hot today.
    今仔日 [Hokkien, trad.]
    今仔日 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Kim-á-li̍t chin loa̍h. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    It's very hot today.
  3. to heat up; to warm up
    一下 [Hokkien, trad.]
    一下 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Chhài kè tiáⁿ sió lia̍t chi̍t-ē. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Heat up the vegetables a bit over the wok.
  4. heat; hotness; warmness; high temperature
      ―  chuán   ―  to conduct heat
  5. (literary) hot weather; summer heat
  6. ardent; warmhearted; enthusiastic
      ―  qíng  ―  enthusiastic
      ―  liàn  ―  to be head over heels in love; to be madly in love
    心腸心肠  ―  xīncháng  ―  warm-heartedness
  7. fever; febrility; pyrexia
      ―    ―  to have a fever
    退退  ―  tuì  ―  to bring down a fever
  8. craze; fad
    鋼琴钢琴  ―  gāngqín   ―  piano craze; intense enthusiasm for learning the piano
  9. popular; fashionable; in vogue
      ―  mén  ―  popular; in vogue; hot
  10. noisy; lively
      ―  nào  ―  bustling; lively
  11. (literary) worried; anxious; distraught
  12. envious
      ―  yǎn  ―  to envy
  13. (traditional Chinese medicine) heaty
    烏麻油物件 [Hokkien, trad.]
    乌麻油物件 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Ēng o͘-môa-iû ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ chin lia̍t. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Things fried in sesame oil are heaty.
  14. (Mainland China Hokkien) to put cooking oil in the pan to heat it (to make it convenient to stir-fry)
    [Hokkien]  ―  lia̍t-iû [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to heat up cooking oil in a pan for cooking food
  15. (Mainland China Hokkien) deeply immersed; highly enthusiastic (into something)
    行棋𣍐顧得 [Hokkien, trad.]
    行棋𫧃顾得 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Kiâⁿ-kî kiâⁿ kah chin lia̍t, chheh soah bōe-kò͘-tit tha̍k. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    He is deeply immersed in playing chess that he even disregarded reading the book.
    這擺逐個流行歌曲 [Hokkien, trad.]
    这摆逐个流行歌曲 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Chit-pái ta̍k-ê chhiùⁿ liû-hêng koa-khek chhiùⁿ kah chin lia̍t. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Recently, people have been singing pop songs with high enthusiasm.
  16. (Taiwanese Hokkien) friendly; warm; intimate (with someone)
    𪜶感情當咧 [Hokkien, trad.]
    𪜶感情当咧 [Hokkien, simp.]
    In nn̄g lâng ê kám-chêng tng-teh jia̍t. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The feelings between these two people are warm.
  17. a surname

Usage notes

  • For the "hot" sense, in some Chinese dialects (see the dialectal synonyms chart), the sense is limited to describing the weather.

Synonyms

  • (hot):

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (ねつ) (netsu)
  • Korean: 열(熱) (yeol)
  • Vietnamese: nhiệt ()

Japanese

See also 熱する

Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. heat
  2. temperature
  3. fever
  4. mania
  5. passion

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
ねつ
Grade: 4
goon
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Middle Chinese (MC nyet).

Pronunciation

Noun

(ねつ) (netsu

  1. fever
    (もの)(すご)(ねつ)()
    monosugoi netsu o dasu
    to come down with a terrible fever
  2. (physics) heat

Suffix

(ねつ) (-netsu

  1. (informal) passion; mania; fever (towards an activity or topic)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 더울 (deoul yeol))

  1. hanja form? of (fever; heat)

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: nhiệt[1]
: Nôm readings: nhét[2], nhẹt[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of nhiệt (heat).

References