犯

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犯 U+72AF, 犯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AF
← 犮
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 犰 →

犯 U+FA9F, 犯
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA9F
← 爵
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 猪 →

Translingual

Han character

犯 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大竹尸山 (KHSU), four-corner 47212, composition ⿰犭㔾)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 706, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20238
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+72AF

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 犯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 犯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (氾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
氾 *pʰoms, *bom
犯 *bomʔ
範 *bomʔ
范 *bomʔ
笵 *bomʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bomʔ) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 𢎘 ().

Etymology

"To pass over" > "to offend against, oppose". Compare 氾.

This character originally had bilabial nasal (*-m) final in Old and Middle Chinese, but had undergone dissimilation (from bilabial plosive *b-) to become *-n in most dialects. However, there are still some dialects that retain this feature, such as Meixian and Teochew dialect. Similar dissimilation happened in 帆 and 風.

Pronunciation

Note: faan6-2 - noun only.
Note:
  • huang6 - Shantou;
  • huam6 - Chaozhou.
Note:
  • fan5 - vernacular;
  • fan4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 犯
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 凡 (146)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 防錽切
    Baxter bjomX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bɨɐmX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/biɐmX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biɐmX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/buamX/
    Li
    Rong         		/biɐmX/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭwɐmX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/bʱi̯wɐmX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		faan6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 犯
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 2980
    Phonetic
    component         		氾
    Rime
    group         		談
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		范
    Old
    Chinese         		/*bomʔ/

    Definitions

    犯

    1. to infringe on; to attack; to encroach
      人不犯我，我不犯人 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      rén bù fàn wǒ, wǒ bù fàn rén
      We will not attack if we are not attacked.
    2. to commit (crime); to violate
      犯罪  ―  fànzuì  ―  to commit crime
    3. criminal; offender; culprit
      罪犯  ―  zuìfàn  ―  criminal
      俾個犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, trad.]
      俾个犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, simp.]
      bei2 go3 faan6-2 zau2 lat1 zo2 aa3!
      The criminal ran loose!
    4. to happen; to break out (usually something wrong or bad)
      犯脾氣／犯脾气  ―  fànpíqì  ―  to get angry; to lose one's temper
    5. to brave; to face; to withstand
    6. to be worth; to merit; to deserve; to be worthy of

    Synonyms

    • (to violate):
    • (criminal):
    • (to be worth):

    Descendants

    Sino-Xenic (犯):
    • → Japanese: 犯(はん) (han)
    • → Korean: 범(犯) (beom)
    • → Vietnamese: phạm (犯)

    Compounds

    References

    • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 , editor (2021), “犯”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 258.

    Japanese

    Kanji

    犯

    (Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. crime, offense
    2. criminal, culprit, offender

    Readings

    Compounds

    Compounds

    Etymology

    Kanji in this term
    犯
    はん
    Grade: 5
    kan'on

    /pɨɐm/ → /pamʉ/ → /famʉ/ → /haɴ/

    From Middle Chinese, 犯 (MC bjomX).

    Suffix

    犯(はん) • (-han) 

    1. perpetrators of a crime
    2. some types of crime

    Derived terms

    Derived terms

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 犯 (MC bjomX).

    Pronunciation

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
    • Phonetic hangul:
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    犯 (eumhun 범할 범 (beomhal beom))

    1. hanja form? of ] (“to violate; to commit”)
    2. hanja form? of ] (“criminal”)
    3. hanja form? of ] (“count of crime”)

    Compounds

    Compounds

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    犯: Hán Nôm readings: phạm

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