狀

See also: 状

狀	U+72C0, 狀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72C0

← 犿

CJK Unified Ideographs

狁 →

狀	U+F9FA, 狀 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FA

← 粒

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

炙 →

Translingual

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 707, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20280
Dae Jaweon: page 1119, character 30
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1334, character 3
Unihan data for U+72C0

Unihan data for U+F9FA

Chinese

trad.		狀
simp.		状

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
臧	*ʔsaːŋ
牂	*ʔsaːŋ
戕	kaːl, ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ
贓	*ʔsaːŋ
藏	zaːŋ, zaːŋs
奘	zaːŋʔ, zaːŋs
臟	*zaːŋs
將	ʔsaŋ, ʔsaŋs
漿	*ʔsaŋ
鱂	*ʔsaŋ
蔣	ʔsaŋ, ʔsaŋʔ
螿	*ʔsaŋ
槳	*ʔsaŋʔ
獎	*ʔsaŋʔ
醬	*ʔsaŋs
鏘	*sʰaŋ
蹡	sʰaŋ, ʔshaŋs
嶈	*sʰaŋ
斨	*sʰaŋ
爿	braːn, zaŋ
牆	*zaŋ
妝	*ʔsraŋ
莊	*ʔsraŋ
裝	ʔsraŋ, ʔsraŋs
壯	*ʔsraŋs
疒	rnɯːɡ, zraŋ
床	*zraŋ
牀	*zraŋ
狀	*zraŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zraŋs) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 犬.

Etymology

Compare perhaps Burmese ဆင်း (hcang:, “form, appearance”) (Luce, 1981).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhuàng (zhuang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zuang⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): zong⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhong
Jin (Wiktionary): zuon³
Northern Min (KCR): cōng
Eastern Min (BUC): cê̤ng / cáung
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chōng / chiōng / chn̄g

(Teochew, Peng'im): zuang⁶ / zeng⁷
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zaon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàng
  - Wade–Giles: chuang⁴
  - Yale: jwàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq
  - Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zuang⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zuong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suaŋ²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zong⁶
  - Yale: johng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzong⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zong⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zuon³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡suɒ̃⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cê̤ng / cáung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔyŋ²⁴²/, /t͡sɑuŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōng / chiōng / chn̄g
  - Tâi-lô: tsōng / tsiōng / tsn̄g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zong, ciong, zng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔŋ²²/, /t͡siɔŋ²²/, /t͡sŋ̍²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/, /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/, /t͡sŋ̍⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ²²/, /t͡siɔŋ²²/, /t͡sŋ̍²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ³³/, /t͡siɔŋ³³/, /t͡sŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ³³/, /t͡siɔŋ³³/, /t͡sŋ̍³³/

Note:

chōng - literary;
chiōng/chn̄g - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zuang⁶ / zeng⁷
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuăng / tsṳ̄ng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suaŋ³⁵/, /t͡sɯŋ¹¹/

Note: zeng7 - “certificate”.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zaon
  - MiniDict: zaon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zaan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɑ̃²³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 狀
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂuɑŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡suɑŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/p͡faŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂuɔ̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂuɑŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/p͡fɑ̃¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂuɑŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡suaŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡suaŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡suaŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂuã̠¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂuɑ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡suɒ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡suɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡suɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zɑ̃²³/
	Suzhou	/zɑ̃³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zz̩ʷɑŋ¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑyɔ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡so³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰau¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕyan⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕyan¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sɔn⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰoŋ⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɔŋ²²/
	Nanning	/t͡sɔŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɔŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sɔŋ²²/ /t͡sŋ̍²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sɔyŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/ 告～ /t͡sɔŋ⁴²/ 形～
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡suaŋ³⁵/ /t͡sɯŋ³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tuaŋ²³/ /to²³/

Middle Chinese: dzrjangH

Rime
Character	狀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	鋤亮切
Baxter	dzrjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭaŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhuàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zong⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*raŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*zraŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	狀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhuàng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzrjang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*raŋ-s/
English	form, appearance
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	狀
Reading #	1/1
No.	10312
Phonetic component	爿
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*zraŋs/

Definitions

狀

^⁜ form; appearance; state
- 1046 October 17, 范仲淹 (Fan Zhongyan), 岳陽樓記:
  
  予觀夫巴陵勝狀，在洞庭一湖。 [MSC, trad.]
  予观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。 [MSC, simp.]
  Yǔ guān fū bālíng shèng zhuàng, zài dòngtíng yī hú.
  I look at the best state of Baling, at the Dongting Lake.
^⁜ shape
^⁜ certificate
獎狀／奖状 ― jiǎngzhuàng ― certificate
^⁜ to describe

Compounds

References

“狀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	状
Kyūjitai	狀

Kanji

狀

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Kyūjitai form of 状

Readings

On (unclassified): じょう (jō)^{←じやう (zyau, historical)}
Kun: かたち (katachi, 狀)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 狀 (MC dzrjangH).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 싸ᇰ〮 (Yale: ssáng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 상 (sang)^訓 (Yale: sang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
Phonetic hangul:

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

狀

Wikisource

狀 (eumhun 형상(形狀) 상)

hanja form^? of 상 (“form; appearance; state”)
hanja form^? of 상 (“shape”)

Compounds

현상 (現狀, hyeonsang)
증상 (症狀, jeungsang)
실상 (實狀, silsang)
형상 (形狀, hyeongsang)
참상 (慘狀, chamsang)
원상 (原狀, wonsang)
정상 (情狀, jeongsang)
죄상 (罪狀, joesang)
흉상 (凶狀/兇狀, hyungsang)
상태 (狀態, sangtae, “state”)
상황 (狀況, sanghwang, “situation”)
갑상선 (甲狀腺, gapsangseon)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 狀 (MC dzrjangH).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 자ᇰ〯 (cǎng)^訓 (Yale: cǎng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
Phonetic hangul:
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

狀 (eumhun 문서 장 (munseo jang))

hanja form^? of 장 (“document; certificate”)

Compounds

영장 (令狀, yeongjang)
송장 (送狀, songjang)
답장 (答狀, dapjang)
상장 (賞狀, sangjang)
행장 (行狀, haengjang)
장원 (狀元, jang'won)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

狀: Hán Nôm readings: trạng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

狀

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Descendants

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Korean

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

References

Vietnamese

Han character

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia