獄

See also: 狱

獄	U+7344, 獄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7344

← 獃

CJK Unified Ideographs

獅 →

Translingual

Stroke order

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 717, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20603
Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1365, character 16
Unihan data for U+7344

Chinese

trad.		獄
simp.		狱

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (獄) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嶽	*ŋroːɡ
鸑	*ŋroːɡ
哭	*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ
獄	*ŋoɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 㹜 (“two dogs”) + 言 (“words”) (㹜 = 犭 + 犬, two forms of “dog”). A place where dogs are barking (言) at each other, a jail with guard dogs.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йү (yü, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): juk⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngiu̍k

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngiug⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): yeh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): ngṳ̀
Eastern Min (BUC): ngṳ̆k / ngŏk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ga̍k / gio̍k / ge̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): ghêg⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸yoq; ⁸gnioq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yù
  - Wade–Giles: yü⁴
  - Yale: yù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йү (yü, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: juk⁶
  - Yale: yuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: juk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯uk̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngiug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋiʊk̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: yeh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /yəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳ̀
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋy⁴²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̆k / ngŏk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋyʔ⁵/, /ŋouʔ⁵/

Note:

ngṳ̆k - literary;
ngŏk - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ga̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ga̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gak
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡak̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡak̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /ɡak̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: gio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
  - Tâi-lô: gi̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gek
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴/

Note:

ga̍k - vernacular;
ge̍k/gio̍k - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ghêg⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ge̍k
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡek̚⁴/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸yoq; ⁸gnioq
  - MiniDict: yoh^入; nyoh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhioq; ⁵nyioq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦioʔ¹²/, /n̠ʲioʔ¹²/

Note:

5hhioq - common;
5nyioq - expected from historical rime.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 獄
Mandarin	Beijing	/y⁵¹/
	Harbin	/y⁵³/
	Tianjin	/y⁵³/
	Jinan	/y²¹/
	Qingdao	/y⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/y²⁴/
	Xi'an	/y²¹/
	Xining	/y⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/y¹³/
	Lanzhou	/y¹³/
	Ürümqi	/y²¹³/
	Wuhan	/iəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/yo³¹/ /y¹³/
	Guiyang	/iu²¹/
	Kunming	/iu³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/yəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/yəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/yʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/y⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵioʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ȵioʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦioʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ȵo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/niu²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ȵiu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʐəu²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/iəɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵiuʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiuk̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jok̚²/
	Nanning	/juk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/juk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/giɔk̚⁵/ /gak̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ŋoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ŋy⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/gek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zok̚³/

Middle Chinese: ngjowk

Rime
Character	獄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚欲切
Baxter	ngjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuawk̚/
Li Rong	/ŋiok̚/
Wang Li	/ŋĭwok̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	juk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*rok/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋoɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	獄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjowk ›
Old Chinese	/*rok/
English	lawsuit; prison
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	獄
Reading #	1/1
No.	16032
Phonetic component	獄
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	玉
Old Chinese	/*ŋoɡ/

Definitions

獄

prison
- 如有犯法，則司獄在。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  如有犯法，则司狱在。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE, translated based on Jeffrey S. Bullock's version
  Rú yǒu fànfǎ, zé sī yù zài.
  If there are those who break the law, then there are officers and jails to deal with them.
lawsuit; case
- 小大之獄，雖不能察，必以情。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Xiǎo dà zhī yù, suī bùnéng chá, bì yǐ qíng.
  Though unable personally to attend to the details of all trials, big and small, I always demand the facts.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 監獄 (“jail; prison”)

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		監獄, 監牢, 牢獄, 牢房
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	監獄, 班房兒, 泡兒局 dated
	Taiwan	監獄
	Chifeng	監獄
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	監獄, 笆籬子
	Harbin	監獄, 牢, 笆籬子
	Shenyang	牢, 班房, 笆籬子
	Singapore	監牢
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	監獄
	Tangshan	監獄
	Cangzhou	監獄, 班房兒
	Baoding	監獄
	Shijiazhuang	監獄
	Jinan	監獄, 監牢獄, 監
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	監牢獄, 監獄
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	監牢獄
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	監, 牢
	Zhengzhou	監獄, 監, 牢
	Xi'an	監獄, 監, 牢
	Xining	牢, 班房
	Xuzhou	監獄, 牢, 大圈兒, 八號兒
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	班房子, 獄監
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	監獄, 牢, 班房
	Lanzhou	監獄, 班房子, 班房
	Ürümqi	監獄, 牢, 笆籬子, 班房子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	牢, 班房
	Wuhan	監獄, 牢, 班房
	Guiyang	監獄, 班房
	Kunming	監獄, 牢, 班房
	Guilin	監獄, 牢
	Liuzhou	監獄, 牢
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	牢
	Yangzhou	牢監, 牢, 班房
	Nantong	監牢, 牢
	Hefei	監獄
Cantonese	Guangzhou	監倉
Cantonese	Hong Kong	監獄, 監倉, 祠堂
Gan	Nanchang	牢監, 班房
Gan	Pingxiang	班房
Hakka	Meixian	監房
	Yudu	班房
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	監獄
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	監獄仔
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	監獄
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	監獄
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	監獄
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	監獄
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	監獄
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	監獄
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	監獄
Huizhou	Jixi	監牢
Huizhou	Shexian	監牢, 牢
Jin	Taiyuan	牢, 班房
	Xinzhou	監牢, 監, 牢房, 牢, 班房
	Linhe	監獄, 監, 牢, 班房子
	Jining	班房
	Hohhot	監獄, 監, 牢, 獄, 班房
	Zhangjiakou	監獄, 牢
	Handan	監獄, 房子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	班房
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	監牢
Southern Min	Xiamen	監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated, 櫳間 dated, 鴿仔空 dated
	Quanzhou	監獄, 監牢
	Zhangzhou	監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	監獄, 監牢
	Kaohsiung	監獄
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	監獄, 櫳仔內
	Yilan (Toucheng)	監獄
	Tainan	監獄, 監牢, 櫳仔, 櫳仔間, 內籬仔 GT
	Tainan (Anping)	監獄, 櫳仔內
	Penghu (Xiyu)	監獄, 櫳仔內
	Penang (Hokkien)	跤跔, 跤跔間
	Singapore (Hokkien)	監牢, 釘鏈間
	Manila (Hokkien)	跤跔, 監獄
	Shantou	監獄
	Singapore (Teochew)	釘鏈間, 監牢
	Leizhou	監倉
Wu	Shanghai	監牢, 牢監
	Shanghai (Chongming)	監牢
	Danyang	監牢
	Hangzhou	牢監
	Ningbo	牢監, 監牢
	Wenzhou	牢監, 班房
	Jinhua	監牢
Xiang	Loudi	班房, 籠子
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

獄

(Jōyō kanji)

prison
lawsuit; case

Readings

Go-on: ごく (goku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ぎょく (gyoku)
Kun: ひとや (hitoya, 獄)

Compounds

獄(ごく)衣(い) (gokui): prison clothes
獄則(ごくそく) (gokusoku): prison rules
地(じ)獄(ごく) (jigoku): hell
辺獄(へんごく) (hengoku): (theology) limbo
煉獄(れんごく) (rengoku): (theology) purgatory

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
獄
ごく Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 獄 / 狱 (ngjowk, “prison”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ごく (Atamadaka – )^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key):

Noun

獄(ごく) • (goku)

prison

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
獄
ひとや Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
人屋囚獄

Compound of 人 (hito, “human”) +‎ 屋 (ya, “house”).^[3]^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひとや (Heiban – )^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key):

Noun

獄(ひとや) • (hitoya)

prison

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

獄 • (ok) (hangeul 옥)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

獄: Hán Nôm readings: ngục

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Nôm: ngục

References

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ-3] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

獄

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Related characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

Readings

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia