用

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See also: 甩
用 U+7528, 用
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7528
← 甧
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 甩 →
⽤ U+2F64, ⽤
KANGXI RADICAL USE
← ⽣
 		Kangxi Radicals ⽥ →

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

用 (Kangxi radical 101, 用+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月手 (BQ), four-corner 77220, composition ⿵⺆𰀁 or ⿻丨月)

  1. Kangxi radical #101, ⽤.

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 755, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21703
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1166, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 97, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7528

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 用
alternative forms
𠛁
𤰃
𠂵
𤰆
𡶤
𠛁
𤰃
𠂵
𤰆
𡶤
𠂦
 

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
通 *l̥ʰoːŋ
俑 *l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ
蓪 *l̥ʰoːŋ
桶 *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ
捅 *l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛 *l̥ʰoːŋs
筩 *l'oːŋ
誦 *ljoŋs
傭 *l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ
慵 *ɦljoŋ
鱅 *ɦljoŋ, *loŋ
滽 *loŋ
墉 *loŋ
鏞 *loŋ
鄘 *loŋ
槦 *loŋ
銿 *loŋ
甬 *loŋʔ
勇 *loŋʔ
涌 *loŋʔ
踊 *loŋʔ
蛹 *loŋʔ
恿 *loŋʔ
慂 *loŋʔ
悀 *loŋʔ
埇 *loŋʔ
踴 *loŋʔ
庸 *loŋ
用 *loŋs
佣 *loŋs

Pictogram (象形) : a water bucket. Compare 桶. Similar but unrelated to 甬, which represents a bronze bell, and 角, which represents a horn. Unrelated to the bottom part of 備, which represents a quiver. Eventually, unrelated to 甫, in which it is the stylization of 田.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *z(j)um ~ *zuŋ, provisionally set up by STEDT. Cognates to 傭 (OC loŋ) and 庸 (OC loŋ), outside Sinitic, Southern Bai zv³¹ (“to use”) Burmese သုံး (sum:, “to use”), Ersu zi⁵⁵ (“to use”), Nuosu ꌬ (ssi, “to use”), Pa'o Karen (sūŋ, “to use”).

Sun (1999) and Schuessler (2007) consider this word a cognate to Tibetan ལོངས (longs, “use”)

Pronunciation

Note:
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Taiwan:
    • ēng - vernacular;
    • iōng - literary.
  • Penang:
    • iōng - vernacular.
Note:
  • iong5 - vernacular;
  • iong1 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 用
    Mandarin Beijing /yŋ⁵¹/
    Harbin /yŋ⁵³/
    Tianjin /ʐuŋ⁵³/
    /yŋ⁵³/
    Jinan /yŋ²¹/
    Qingdao /iŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /yuŋ³¹²/
    Xi'an /yŋ⁴⁴/
    Xining /yə̃²¹³/
    Yinchuan /yŋ¹³/
    Lanzhou /ỹn¹³/
    Ürümqi /yŋ²¹³/
    Wuhan /ioŋ³⁵/
    Chengdu /yoŋ¹³/
    Guiyang /ioŋ²¹³/
    Kunming /ioŋ¹/
    Nanjing /ioŋ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /iŋ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /yəŋ⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /yŋ³⁵/
    Hohhot /ỹŋ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦioŋ²³/
    Suzhou /ioŋ⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɦioŋ¹³/
    Wenzhou /jyɔ²²/
    Hui Shexian /yʌ̃²²/
    Tunxi /in¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ioŋ⁵⁵/
    /ioŋ¹¹/
    Xiangtan /in²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /iuŋ²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /iuŋ⁵³/
    Taoyuan /ʒuŋ⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /joŋ²²/
    Nanning /juŋ²²/
    Hong Kong /juŋ²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iɔŋ²²/
    /iŋ²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /øyŋ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /œyŋ³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /eŋ³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /zoŋ³³/
    Rime
    Character 用
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 余頌切
    Baxter yowngH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jɨoŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/jioŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ioŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/juawŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ioŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/jĭwoŋH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/i̯woŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yòng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jung6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 用
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yòng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ yowngH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*loŋ-s/
    English use (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 用
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15460
    Phonetic
    component         		用
    Rime
    group         		東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		用
    Old
    Chinese         		/*loŋs/

    Definitions

    用

    1. to use; to employ; to operate
      你會不會用電腦？ [MSC, trad.]
      你会不会用电脑？ [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ huì bù huì yòng diànnǎo?
      Can you use a computer?
      我用海綿來吸水。 [MSC, trad.]
      我用海绵来吸水。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ yòng hǎimián lái xī shuǐ.
      I used a sponge to draw the water.
    2. use; utility; usefulness
      有用  ―  yǒuyòng  ―  useful
      沒用／没用  ―  méiyòng  ―  useless
    3. (honorific) to eat; to drink
      是喝茶的時間啦，請用一杯茶吧！ [MSC, trad.]
      是喝茶的时间啦，请用一杯茶吧！ [MSC, simp.]
      Shì hē chá de shíjiān la, qǐng yòng yī bēi chá ba!
      It is tea time. Please have a cup of tea!
    4. expenses; outlay
      費用／费用  ―  fèiyòng  ―  cost, expense
      用度  ―  yòngdù  ―  expense
      家用  ―  jiāyòng  ―  family expenses
    5. with; by; using
      用叉子吃東西／用叉子吃东西  ―  yòng chāzi chī dōngxi  ―  to eat with a fork
      我用筷子吃飯。／我用筷子吃饭。  ―  Wǒ yòng kuàizǐ chīfàn.  ―  I eat food with chopsticks.
      我用濕抹布擦桌子。 [MSC, trad.]
      我用湿抹布擦桌子。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ yòng shī mǒbù cā zhuōzǐ.
      I wash the table with a wet cloth.
      我老闆用姓稱呼我。 [MSC, trad.]
      我老板用姓称呼我。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ lǎobǎn yòng xìng chēnghū wǒ.
      My boss calls me by my last name.
    6. (chiefly used in the negative or interrogative) to need
      不用急，慢慢來。 [MSC, trad.]
      不用急，慢慢来。 [MSC, simp.]
      Bùyòng jí, mànmān lái.
      No need to hurry. Please take it easy.
    7. (literary) therefore
    8. (obsolete) because of; due to; because
    9. a surname

    Synonyms

    • (to use):
    Dialectal synonyms of 用 (“to use”)
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 用, 使用
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 使, 用
    Malaysia 用
    Singapore 用
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 使, 用
    Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 使喚
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 用, 使
    Wuhan 用
    Guilin 用
    Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 用
    Hefei 使, 用
    Cantonese Guangzhou 用, 使
    Hong Kong 用, 使
    Yangjiang 使
    Singapore (Guangfu) 用
    Gan Nanchang 用
    Hakka Meixian 用
    Jin Taiyuan 使喚, 用
    Northern Min Jian'ou 使
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 使
    Southern Min Xiamen 用
    Penang (Hokkien) 用
    Singapore (Hokkien) 用
    Chaozhou 用, 使
    Singapore (Teochew) 用
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 用
    Wu Suzhou 用
    Wenzhou 用
    Xiang Changsha 用
    Shuangfeng 用
    Dialectal synonyms of 用 (“with; by; using”)
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 用, 拿
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 拿, 用
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 用, 拿
    Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 用, 拿
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 拿, 使
    Wuhan 用, 架, 拿
    Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 拿, 用
    Hefei 用, 拿
    Cantonese Guangzhou 用, 攞
    Hong Kong 用, 攞
    Yangjiang 用, 捰
    Gan Nanchang 用, 拿
    Hakka Meixian 用
    Jin Taiyuan 拿, 用
    Northern Min Jian'ou 使
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 使, 獲
    Southern Min Xiamen 用
    Jinjiang 用
    Manila (Hokkien) 用
    Chaozhou 用
    Wu Suzhou 拿, 用
    Wenzhou 用, 𧵊
    Xiang Changsha 用, 拿
    Shuangfeng 用

    Compounds

    Descendants

    Sino-Xenic (用):
    • → Japanese: 用(よう) (yō)
    • → Korean: 용(用) (yong)
    • → Vietnamese: dụng (用)

    Others:

    References

    Japanese

    Kanji

    用

    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

    Usage notes

    Formerly used as man'yōgana for the back-vowel variant (甲類) of よ, romanized as yo1.

    Noun

    用(よう) • (yō) 

    1. use (noun)
      事(じ)業(ぎょう)の用(よう)に供(きょう)している資(し)産(さん)
      jigyō no yō ni kyō shite iru shisan
      assets provided for business use
    2. a task, business, an errand
      今(こん)晩(ばん)用(よう)があるから出(で)かける。
      Konban yō ga aru kara dekakeru.
      I'll be out this evening because I have an errand.

    Suffix

    用(よう) • (-yō) 

    1. for the use of, for the purpose of, in case of
      家(か)庭(てい)用(よう)石(せっ)鹸(けん)、散(さん)歩(ぽ)用(よう)のブーツ、非常(ひじょう)用(よう)
      kateiyō sekken, sanpoyō no būtsu, hijōyō
      soap for household use, boots for walking, in case of emergency

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 用 (MC yowngH). Recorded as Middle Korean 용 (yong) (Yale: yong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

    Pronunciation

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
    • Phonetic hangul:
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    用 (eumhun 쓸 용 (sseul yong))

    1. hanja form? of 용 (“use”)

    Compounds

    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    用: Hán Nôm readings: dụng, dùng, giùm, rùng, dộng, đụng, giùng, rụng, vùng

    1. to use
    2. to eat or drink
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