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Stroke order | |||
疑 (Kangxi radical 103, 疋+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心大弓戈人 (PKNIO), four-corner 27481, composition ⿰𠤕⿱龴疋)
trad. | 疑 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 疑 | |
2nd round simp. | ⿰忄以 |
Historical forms of the character 疑 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
Originally an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 大 or 文 (“standing human figure”) + 夂 (“tilted head with open mouth”) + 丨 (“cane”) – a man with a cane looking around with his mouth wide open, not know where to go – to be confused; to doubt. Compare: 欠 and 既, both showing the "open-mouth" component but on a seated figure. In the oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions, 彳 or 辵 = 彳 + 止 (“foot; toes”) was often added to indicate travelling or movement.
Various components were added later, e.g. 牛 in the bronze script of Western Zhou, 子 in the Qin-style scripts including the proto-clerical script, and 乙 in the early clerical script of Western Han. Meanwhile the main graphical element showing a standing figure eventually became 𠤕 or sometimes 矣 as in the Chu-style script (shown in the table). The Chu also added a 心 (“heart”) component indicating "the mind".
The Shuowen, in which headwords were written in the Qin-style seal script, interpreted the character as “a child standing on an obstructed road to compare the paths”: semantic 子 (“child”) + semantic 止 (“to be obstructed”) + semantic 匕 (“to compare”) + phonetic 矢 (OC *hliʔ). Duan Yucai's commentary on Shuowen offered an alternative interpretation, pointing out that 矢 was unlikely to have a the phonetic component: semantic 子 (“child”) + semantic 𠤕 (“uncertain”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). However, it is unlikely that any of the currently extant components had once indicated the pronunciation. Zhengzhang (2003) conjectured that the 子 was a corruption of 牛 (OC *ŋʷɯ) that had been the phonetic component.
The current form is derived from the Qin–Han clerical scripts, where on the right-hand side the elements 子 + 止 or 子 + 乙 have recombined into 龴 + 疋.
Perhaps related to 礙 (OC *ŋɯːs, “to obstruct”) (Schuessler, 2007); Cf. Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ʔ/N-g(r)ak (“to block; to obstruct”) (STEDT, provisional).
Variety | Location | 疑 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /i³⁵/ |
Harbin | /i²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /i⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /i⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /i⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /i⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /ni²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ji²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /i⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /i⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /i⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /ni²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ȵi³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /ni²¹/ 老 /i²¹/ 新 | |
Kunming | /ni³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /i²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /zz̩⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /i¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ȵi¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /i³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ȵi²³/ |
Suzhou | /ȵi¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ȵi²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ȵi³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ni⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /ȵi⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ȵi¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /ȵi¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ȵi⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ŋi¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋi¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ji²¹/ |
Nanning | /ni²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /ji²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /gi³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋi⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋi²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /gi⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ŋi³¹/ |
疑
疑 • (ui, eung) (hangeul 의, 응, revised ui, eung, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, ŭng, Yale uy, ung)
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