癸
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Translingual
Han character
癸 (Kangxi radical 105, 癶+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓人一大 (NOMK), four-corner 12430, composition ⿱癶天)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 783, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22660
- Dae Jaweon: page 1193, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2760, character 4
- Unihan data for U+7678
Chinese
| trad. | 癸 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 癸 | |
| alternative forms | 𫻮 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 癸 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | ||||
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script |
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Pictogram (象形) - Multiple uncertain interpretations.
Possibly, this was a pictograph of a four handled plow, meant to be operated by 4 people at a time. This character shows how essential and commonplace collective farming was roughly 3000 years ago. Otherwise, it is composed of two halberds (戣 kuí).
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Glyph origin from Chinese Wiktionary”)
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gui4
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kui
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gue
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: guěi
- Wade–Giles: kuei3
- Yale: gwěi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goei
- Palladius: гуй (guj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gui4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gui
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuei²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwai3
- Yale: gwai
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwai3
- Guangdong Romanization: guei3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kui
- Hakka Romanization System: gui
- Hagfa Pinyim: gui4
- Sinological IPA: /ku̯i⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: kjwijX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷijʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷilʔ/
Definitions
癸
- the tenth of the ten heavenly stems
- a surname
Coordinate terms
- (Chinese heavenly stems) 天干 (tiāngān); 甲 (jiǎ), 乙 (yǐ), 丙 (bǐng), 丁, 戊 (wù), 己 (jǐ), 庚 (gēng), 辛 (xīn), 壬 (rén), 癸 (guǐ) (Category: zh:Chinese heavenly stems)
Compounds
Descendants
- → Zhuang: gveiq
References
- (Min Nan) “Entry #5236”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
Kanji
- something J
- tenth of the ten heavenly stems
- tenth rank
Readings
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 癸 |
| き Hyōgai |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 癸 (kjwijX).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
- the tenth of the ten heavenly stems;
- the tenth rank; something J
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 癸 |
| みずのと Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
水 (Mizu, “Water”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 弟 (oto, “younger brother”)
Pronunciation
Proper noun
癸 • (Mizunoto) ←みづのと (Midunoto)?
- the tenth of the ten heavenly stems
Korean
Hanja
癸 (eumhun 천간 계 (cheon'gan gye))
- hanja form? of 계 (“tenth heavenly stem”)
Vietnamese
Han character
癸: Hán Nôm readings: quý, quấy, quậy
- chữ Hán form of Quý (“tenth of the ten heavenly stems”).