発条

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See also: 發條

Japanese

Etymology 1

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発条 (bane): a pair of helical springs.
Kanji in this term
発 条
ばね
Grade: 3 Grade: 5
jukujikun
Alternative spellings
發條 (kyūjitai)
撥条 (rare)
弾機 (rare)

Shift from 跳ね (hane, “jumping, springing”), the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 跳(は)ねる (haneru, “to jump, to spring”)..[1][2][3]

First cited to 1888.[3]

The kanji are jukujikun and not commonly seen in modern usage. This term is usually written in hiragana.

Pronunciation

Noun

発条(ばね) • (bane) 

  1. spring (device made of flexible material)
  2. (by extension) springiness, bounce, resilience (such as physical or emotional)
    Synonym: 弾力性 (danryokusei)
    弾力(ばね)強(つよ)き心(こころ)の二(じ)郎(ろう)は...
    bane tsuyoki kokoro no Jirō ha
    Jirō of the heart of strong resilience → Jirō of the resilient heart...
  3. (uncommon, possibly dated, figurative) a springboard, spark, or catalyst leading to some other change
    住(じゅう)民(みん)運(うん)動(どう)がばねとなって基(き)地(ち)が撤(てっ)去(きょ)された
    jūmin undō ga bane to natte kichi ga tekkyo sareta
    With the protests by residents as the catalyst, the base was shut down

Etymology 2

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発条 (zenmai): the spiral torsion spring of an alarm clock.
Kanji in this term
発 条
ぜんまい
Grade: 3 Grade: 5
jukujikun
Alternative spellings
發條 (kyūjitai)
撥条 (uncommon)

Shift in meaning from 薇(ぜんまい) (zenmai, “Japanese flowering fern”), from the visual resemblance of a coiled clockwork spring to a coiled fern fiddlehead.[5]

First cited to 1732.[5]

Pronunciation

Noun

発条(ぜんまい) • (zenmai) 

  1. spring (device made of flexible material), specifically the spiral torsion kind commonly used in clockwork that is coiled into a disc shape like a fern fiddlehead
    Synonyms: 薇発条 (zenmai bane, literally “fiddlehead-fern spring”), 渦巻発条 (uzumaki bane, literally “whirlpool spring”)
    時計(とけい)のぜんまいが緩(ゆる)んだ
    tokei no zenmai ga yurunda
    the clock's spring wound down
  2. (possibly dated) Short for 発条仕掛 (zenmai-jikake, “clockwork mechanism, clockwork”).
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
発 条
はつ
Grade: 3 		じょう
Grade: 5
kan'on goon
Alternative spelling
發條 (kyūjitai)

Appears to be a shift in reading of 発条 (bane), adopting the common on'yomi of the individual kanji characters. Possibly a learned borrowing from Chinese 發條 / 发条 (fātiáo).

First cited to 1879.[7]

発 is a daiyōji replacing 撥

Pronunciation

Noun

発(はつ)条(じょう) • (hatsujō) ←はつでう (fatudeu)?

  1. spring (device made of flexible material)
  2. a motivation or catalyst leading to some other change

References

  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 “発条・撥条・弾機”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 “発条・撥条”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. ^ “発条”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
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