發

Stroke order

發 (Kangxi radical 105, 癶+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 弓人弓竹水 (NONHE), four-corner 1224₇, composition ⿱癶𭚧)

• 㗶, 墢(𫭨), 撥(𫝼/拨), 潑(溌/泼), 橃(𭩰), 襏(袯), 䚨, 蹳(𫏆), 醱(醗/酦), 鏺(䥽), 驋(𩧯), 鱍, 㔇, 廢(廃/废), 蕟(𬜧), 癈(㾱/𬏦), 𥳊(𬔹)

• 発 (Japanese shinjitai)
• 发 (Simplified Chinese)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 784, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22669
• Dae Jaweon: page 1194, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2761, character 4
• Unihan data for U+767C

Historical forms of the character 發
Shang	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pad) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 癹 (OC *pʰaːd, *baːd).

STEDT compares 發 (OC *pad) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-p(r)ats (“to vomit”), whence Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-pat (“to vomit”) (> Burmese ပစ် (pac, “to shoot, to throw, to eject”)) and Jingpho ǹ-phàt (“to vomit”).

According to Schuessler (2007), this is an area word; compare Proto-Vietic *ɓah (“to vomit”), Mon ပန် (“to shoot”).

A derivation is probably 廢 (OC *pads, “to cast aside”).

發

1. to shoot; to launch

   發射／发射  ―  fāshè  ―  to shoot; (of space vehicle) to launch

   • 射者正己而後發。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     射者正己而后发。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Shè zhě zhèng jǐ érhòu fā.

     The archer adjusts himself and then shoots.

2. to issue

   發佈／发布  ―  fābù  ―  to release

   發號施令／发号施令  ―  fāhàoshīlìng  ―  to give orders

   • 塗有餓莩而不知發。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     涂有饿莩而不知发。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Tú yǒu èpiǎo ér bùzhī fā.

     There are people dying from famine on the roads, and you do not issue the stores of your granaries for them.

   1. to distribute

      發行／发行  ―  fāxíng  ―  to distribute; to circulate; to issue (securities)

      發傳單／发传单  ―  fā chuándān  ―  to distribute leaflets

      發工資／发工资  ―  fā gōngzī  ―  to pay out wages

   2. to ship; to send for delivery

      發貨／发货  ―  fāhuò  ―  to ship goods

   3. to post; to send message

      發電／发电  ―  fādiàn  ―  to send a telegram

      發微博／发微博  ―  fā Wēibó  ―  to post an update to Weibo

      發推特／发推特  ―  fā Tuītè  ―  to post an update to Twitter; to tweet

      發錯群／发错群  ―  fā cuò qún  ―  to post to the wrong group

      發電子郵件／发电子邮件  ―  fā diànzǐyóujiàn  ―  to send an e-mail

   4. to publish

      刊發／刊发  ―  kānfā  ―  to publish (in press media)

      發表論文／发表论文  ―  fābiǎo lùnwén  ―  to publish a research work

   5. to emit

      發光／发光  ―  fāguāng  ―  to emit light

      發音／发音  ―  fāyīn  ―  to pronounce; to vocalise

      煥發／焕发  ―  huànfā  ―  (figuratively) to radiate

   6. to escape

      發散／发散  ―  fāsàn  ―  to diverge

      蒸發／蒸发  ―  zhēngfā  ―  to evaporate

      揮發性／挥发性  ―  huīfāxìng  ―  volatility

   7. (chiefly of plants or plant parts) to grow out; (of flowers) to blossom

      發芽／发芽  ―  fāyá  ―  to germinate

      • 紅豆生南國，春來發幾枝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
        红豆生南国，春来发几枝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

        From: Wang Wei (王維), c. 8th century, Yearning (《相思》). Translated by Betty Tseng.

        Hóngdòu shēng nánguó, chūnlái fā jǐzhī.

        These red beans grow only in the south,
        In spring they branch away and flourish.

   8. (Hokkien) to grow out (teeth, etc.)

      喙齒發出來矣。 [Hokkien, trad.]
      喙齿发出来矣。 [Hokkien, simp.]

      Chhùi-khí hoat chhut-lâi ah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

      The teeth have grown out.

3. to depart; to leave

   始發站／始发站  ―  shǐfāzhàn  ―  station of departure

   發往北京的列車／发往北京的列车  ―  fā wǎng Běijīng de lièchē  ―  train leaving for Beijing

   • 明朝驛使發，一夜絮征袍。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     明朝驿使发，一夜絮征袍。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Li Bai (李白), c. 8th century, Ballads of Four Seasons: Winter (《子夜吳歌·冬歌》), translated by Witter Bynner.

     Míngzhāo yìshǐ fā, yīyè xù zhēngpáo.

     The courier will depart next day, she's told.
     She sews a warrior's gown all night.

4. to dispatch

   發兵／发兵  ―  fābīng  ―  to dispatch troops

   徵發／征发  ―  zhēngfā  ―  to requisition

5. to expand; to extend; to spread

   發揚／发扬  ―  fāyáng  ―  to promote

   發展／发展  ―  fāzhǎn  ―  to develop; to enhance

   發條／发条  ―  fātiáo  ―  coiled spring; clockwork (literally, “expanding strip)”)

   1. to rise; to emerge

      發跡／发迹  ―  fājì  ―  to rise to prominence

      • 舜發於畎畝之中。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
        舜发于畎亩之中。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

        From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

        Shùn fā yú quǎnmǔ zhīzhōng.

        Shun rose from among the channelled fields.

   2. (colloquial) to gain wealth; to become rich; to make a fortune

      暴發戶／暴发户  ―  bàofāhù  ―  parvenu/e

      他發了。／他发了。  ―  Tā fā le.  ―  He has made a fortune.

      伊這氣咧發。 [Hokkien, trad.]
      伊这气咧发。 [Hokkien, simp.]

      I chit-khùi leh hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

      He's making a fortune at this time.

   3. (of food) to rise, expand, or become porous, especially as a result of leavening

      發糕／发糕  ―  fāgāo  ―  fa gao (a porous rice dessert)

      麵還沒發好。／面还没发好。  ―  Miàn háiméi fā hǎo.  ―  The dough has not yet fully risen.

      1. (Mainland China Hokkien) to become fluffy and large or bloom like a flower due to leavening

         這床發粿有發。 [Hokkien, trad.]
         这床发粿有发。 [Hokkien, simp.]

         Chit sn̂g hoat-ké ū hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

         This basket of fa gao has bloomed like a flower.

6. to initiate; to give start to

   發動／发动  ―  fādòng  ―  to start (an engine)

   自發／自发  ―  zìfā  ―  spontaneous; voluntary (literally, “self-initiated”)

   後發制人／后发制人  ―  hòufāzhìrén  ―  to overpower the opponent by reacting to their (ill-advised) initiative; to win by not striking the first

   激發／激发  ―  jīfā  ―  to stimulate

7. to generate; to produce

   發電／发电  ―  fādiàn  ―  to generate electric power

8. to become; to get into a certain state

   發燒／发烧  ―  fāshāo  ―  to have a fever

   發狂／发狂  ―  fākuáng  ―  to go mad

   發呆／发呆  ―  fādāi  ―  to be in a daze

   發情／发情  ―  fāqíng  ―  to be in oestrus

   發覺／发觉  ―  fājué  ―  to become aware

9. ^⁜ to open; to remove what seals, blocks, or shuts

   發掘／发掘  ―  fājué  ―  to excavate; to unearth; (figurative) to develop

   發軔／发轫  ―  fārèn  ―  to start (literally, “to unblock the wheels”)

   發現／发现  ―  fāxiàn  ―  to discover; discovery

   • 發丘中郎將／发丘中郎将  ―  fāqiū zhōnglángjiàng  ―  General Mound-Opener (graverobber)

   • 書未發，威后問使者曰：「歲亦無恙耶？民亦無恙耶？王亦無恙耶？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     书未发，威后问使者曰：「岁亦无恙耶？民亦无恙耶？王亦无恙耶？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE

     Shū wèi fā, Wēihòu wèn shǐzhě yuē: “Suì yì wúyàng yé? Mín yì wúyàng yé? Wáng yì wúyàng yé?”

     Without opening the letter (bearing the envoy's credentials), the Queen Dowager Wei asked the envoy: "Are the crops good? Are the people content? Is the King in good health?"

10. to make manifest; to express; to act out

    發誓／发誓  ―  fāshì  ―  to swear an oath

    發怒／发怒  ―  fānù  ―  to act out one's anger; to hit out

    揭發／揭发  ―  jiēfā  ―  to expose (wrongdoing, scandal, etc.)

    發表意見／发表意见  ―  fābiǎo yìjiàn  ―  to express one's opinions

    發愁／发愁  ―  fāchóu  ―  to be anxious

11. (figurative, of the mind) to make clear; to enlighten; to open up; to stimulate

    發明／发明  ―  fāmíng  ―  to explain clearly; to invent

    啟發／启发  ―  qǐfā  ―  to inspire; to enlighten

    • 退而省其私，亦足以發。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      退而省其私，亦足以发。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

      Tuì ér xǐng qí sī, yì zúyǐ fā.

      He has retired, and I have examined his conduct when away from me, and found him able to illustrate my teachings.

12. Classifier for ammunition.

    一發炮彈／一发炮弹  ―  yī fā pàodàn  ―  one shell

13. (slang) Classifier for ejaculation.
14. (Hokkien) to show effect; to break out

    藥性未發。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    药性未发。 [Hokkien, simp.]

    Io̍h sèng bē hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

    The effect of the medicine hasn't shown yet.

15. (Mainland China Hokkien) to go bad; to deteriorate; to become rotten

    米囥甲發去。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    米囥甲发去。 [Hokkien, simp.]

    Bí khǹg kah hoat khì. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

    The rice was stored until it went bad.

16. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to have quicklime react by mixing with water

    灰發甲真透。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    灰发甲真透。 [Hokkien, simp.]

    Hoe hoat kah chin thàu. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

    The lime reacted with water pretty thoroughly.

17. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) stirred with water and squeezed repeatedly becoming dense and flexible (of flour, earth, etc.)

• (to distribute):

Others:

• Old Turkic: pat-la (explode)
  • Turkmen: patlamak (commo), partlamak (standard)
  • Turkish: patlamak
  • Azerbaijani: partlamaq
  • Chagatai: پارتلماق
    • Uzbek: portlamoq
    • Uyghur: پارتىلاماق (partilamaq)

發

1. ^† bent; crooked
2. ^† Used in 發發／发发 (bōbō, “numerous; sound of strong wind or fish jumping”).

發

1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𢪎 (“to whip; to whisk”)

• “發”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “发”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 発)

1. Kyūjitai form of 発

• Go-on: ほち (hochi)、ほつ (hotsu)
• Kan-on: はつ (hatsu)
• Kun: あばく (abaku, 發く)、おこる (okoru, 發る)、たつ (tatsu, 發つ)、つかわす (tsukawasu, 發わす)^{←つかはす (tukafasu, 發はす, historical)}、はなつ (hanatsu, 發つ)
• Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、おき (oki)、しげ (shige)、ちか (chika)、とき (toki)、なり (nari)、のぶ (nobu)、のり (nori)、よし (yoshi)

From Middle Chinese 發 (MC pjot).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

發

Wikisource

發 (eumhun 필 발 (pil bal))

1. hanja form^? of 발 (“to shoot; to emit; to discharge”)
2. hanja form^? of 발 (“departing from; originating from”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

發: Hán Nôm readings: phát, phắt, phết

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