. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
you have here. The definition of the word
will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
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Stroke order (Japan)
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Han character
皇 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹日一土 (HAMG), four-corner 26104, composition ⿱白王)
Derived characters
- 喤, 堭, 媓, 崲, 徨, 惶, 揘, 湟, 隍, 𣈷, 楻, 煌, 瑝, 遑, 䄓, 䅣, 䊗, 𬗬, 艎, 蝗, 諻(𬤍), 䞹, 鍠(锽), 韹, 䬖, 餭(𫗮), 騜(𫘩), 鰉(鳇), 䑟, 皝, 皩, 䳨(𬸛), 葟, 篁, 凰, 𡈁, 㾮
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 786, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22701
- Dae Jaweon: page 1201, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2645, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7687
Chinese
Glyph origin
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Old Chinese
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皇
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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惶
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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遑
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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堭
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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煌
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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餭
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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騜
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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艎
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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隍
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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湟
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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徨
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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篁
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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蝗
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*ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs
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凰
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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偟
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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媓
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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韹
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*ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ
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葟
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*ɡʷaːŋ
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皝
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*ɡʷaːŋʔ
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汪
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*qʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋs, *qʷaŋʔ
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尪
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*qʷaːŋ
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迋
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*kʷaŋʔ, *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs
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逛
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*kʷaŋʔ
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誑
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*kʷaŋs, *ɡʷaŋ, *kʷaŋs
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匡
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*kʰʷaŋ
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筐
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*kʰʷaŋ
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框
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*kʰʷaŋ
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眶
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*kʰʷaŋ
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誆
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*kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs
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邼
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*kʰʷaŋ
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恇
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*kʰʷaŋ
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劻
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*kʰʷaŋ
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洭
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*kʰʷaŋ
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軭
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*kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ
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狂
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*ɡʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs
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軖
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*ɡʷaŋ
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鵟
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*ɡʷaŋ
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俇
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*ɡʷaŋʔ
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王
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*ɢʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs
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蚟
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*ɢʷaŋ
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彺
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*ɢʷaŋ
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旺
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*ɢʷaŋs
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諻
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*qʰʷraːŋ
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喤
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*qʰʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ
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瑝
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*ɡʷraːŋ
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鍠
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*ɡʷraːŋ
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揘
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*ɡʷaŋ
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Pictogram (象形) ― a lit oil lamp. The derivative 煌 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ) refers to the original word.
Later developed into a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) : semantic 白 (“flame”) + phonetic 王 (OC *ɢʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs).
Etymology
Bodman (1980) proposes a connection with 王 (OC *ɢʷaŋ) "king" (see there for more information).
Pronunciation
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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皇
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皇
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Reading #
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1/2
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2/2
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
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huáng
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huáng
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Middle Chinese
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‹ hwang ›
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‹ hwang ›
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Old Chinese
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/*ʷˁaŋ/
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/*ʷˁaŋ/
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English
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yellow and white spotted
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sovereign
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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Definitions
皇
- ⁜ magnificent
- ⁜ emperor; sovereign; ruler; superior
- ⁜ royal; imperial; august
- a surname
Compounds
Descendants
References
- “皇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “皇”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 94.
Japanese
Kanji
皇
(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
/kʷau/ → /kʷɔː/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 皇 (MC hwang).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation
Affix
皇 • (kō) ←くわう (kwau)?
- Creator
- monarch, ruler, sovereign
- emperor, mikado, tenno
- Japan, Japanese
Derived terms
Proper noun
皇 • (Kō) ←くわう (Kwau)?
- a unisex given name
Etymology 2
/wau/ → /wɔː/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/
From Middle Chinese 皇 (MC hwang).
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.
Pronunciation
Affix
皇 • (ō) ←わう (wau)?
- emperor, mikado, tenno
Derived terms
Etymology 3
/sume/ → /sube/
From Old Japanese, as a shift from older sume.[1]
Previously thought to be derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of Old Japanese verb 統ぶ (subu), modern 統べる (suberu, “to control, to govern, to rule”). However, later research into ancient phonetic spellings clarified that the be portion of the verb was realized as ⟨be2⟩. During the Old Japanese stage, ⟨be2⟩ could only have derived phonetically from ⟨me2⟩, and not from the ⟨me1⟩ syllable of the noun.[1]
Pronunciation
Prefix
皇 • (sube-)
- (archaic) prefix of praise and respect, usually towards 神 (kami, “Shinto deities”) or 天皇 (tennō, “Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan”):
- divine, godly, heavenly
- imperial, royal, august
Derived terms
Etymology 4
⟨sume1⟩ → */sumʲe/ → /sume/
From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form.[1]
Pronunciation
Prefix
皇 • (sume-)
- (archaic) prefix of praise and respect, usually towards 神 (kami, “Shinto deities”) or 天皇 (tennō, “Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan”):
- divine, godly, heavenly
- imperial, royal, august
Derived terms
Etymology 5
From the prefix 皇 (sube-, see above) + 等 (-ra, nominalizing and pluralizing suffix).
Pronunciation
Prefix
皇 • (subera-)
- (archaic) prefix of praise and respect, usually towards 神 (kami, “Shinto deities”) or 天皇 (tennō, “Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan”):
- divine, godly, heavenly
- imperial, royal, august
Derived terms
Etymology 6
From the prefix 皇 (sume-) + 等 (-ra, nominalizing and pluralizing suffix).
Pronunciation
Prefix
皇 • (sumera-)
- (archaic) prefix of praise and respect, usually towards 神 (kami, “Shinto deities”) or 天皇 (tennō, “Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan”):
- divine, godly, heavenly
- imperial, royal, august
Derived terms
Proper noun
皇 • (Sumera)
- a female given name
Etymology 7
/sumeraɡi/ → /suberaɡi/
Shift from sumeragi below, with the nasal /m/ becoming a plosive /b/.
Pronunciation
Noun
皇 • (suberagi)
- (archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
Derived terms
Etymology 8
⟨sume1ro2ki1⟩ → */sumʲerəkʲi/ → */sumeraki/ → /sumeraɡi/
Possibly a shift from Old Japanese 天皇 (sume1ro2ki1).
Pronunciation
Noun
皇 • (sumeragi)
- (archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
Proper noun
皇 • (Sumeragi)
- a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 9
Various nanori readings.
Proper noun
皇 • (Kimi)
- a female given name
皇 • (Kirari)
- a female given name
皇 • (Tadasu)
- a unisex given name
皇 • (Miyuki)
- a female given name
References
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 皇 (MC hwang).
Pronunciation
Hanja
Wikisource
皇 (eumhun 임금 황 (imgeum hwang))
- hanja form? of 황 (“king; monarch; ruler”)
Compounds
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 皇.
Hanja
皇 (eumhun 엄숙할 왕 (eomsukhal wang))
- (archaic) hanja form? of 왕 (“to be solemn”)
1567, 선조소경대왕실록 (宣祖昭敬大王實錄), 즉위년 십월 (卽位年 十月):卿之下去, 適在皇皇罔極之中, 未及察之。- 경지하거, 적재왕왕망극지중, 미급찰지. (gyeongjihageo, jeokjaewang'wangmanggeukjijung, migeupchalji.)
- The noble official descended, heads towards solemnness that is boundless in the middle, not able to investigate it.
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
皇: Hán Việt readings: hoàng (胡光切)[1][2][3][4], huỳnh[3][4]
皇: Nôm readings: hoàng[1][3][5], huỳnh[3]
- chữ Hán form of hoàng (“emperor”).
Compounds
References