盾
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1849 “godless florin”
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Translingual
Han character
盾 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹十月山 (HJBU), four-corner 72264, composition ⿸𠂆𥃭 or ⿸𣂑目)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 801, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23171
- Dae Jaweon: page 1218, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2475, character 5
- Unihan data for U+76FE
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
盾 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 盾 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
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Pictogram (象形) — a shield (in the oracle bone script). Note that under the 𠂆 is not 直 - one less stroke here. See also 古, perhaps a differentiation of 盾.
Etymology
- “shield”
- Compare Burmese လွှား (hlwa:, “oblong shield”) (Starostin). It is unclear whether Chepang (dhəl) is related (Schuessler, 2007). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
- “dong”
- Borrowed from Vietnamese đồng, from Chinese 銅 (MC duwng, “copper”).
- “guilder; gulden; rupiah”
- Probably first referred to the two shilling coin, also known as the florin, which had four crowned cruciform shields with a rose in the centre. It was later used for the Dutch guilder, which replaced an older currency known as the florin. Since the guilder was used in Indonesia, when the rupiah replaced it, the Chinese name for the guilder continued to be used for the rupiah.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): teon5 / seon5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thún
- Northern Min (KCR): dō̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): dōng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dong3 / duong3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6den
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dùn
- Wade–Giles: tun4
- Yale: dwùn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duenn
- Palladius: дунь (dunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu̯ən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shǔn
- Wade–Giles: shun3
- Yale: shwǔn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoen
- Palladius: шунь (šunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: teon5 / seon5
- Yale: téuhn / séuhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: toen5 / soen5
- Guangdong Romanization: tên5 / sên5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɵn¹³/, /sɵn¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: seon5 - rare variant.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thún
- Hakka Romanization System: tunˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tun3
- Sinological IPA: /tʰun³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dō̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dōng
- Sinological IPA (key): /touŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: duong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuoŋ³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: zywinX, dwonX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤuʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'uːnʔ/, /*ɦljunʔ/
Definitions
盾
- (military) shield
- shield-shaped object
- (figurative) support; aid; assistance
- dong (Vietnamese currency)
- guilder; gulden (several currencies)
- rupiah (Indonesian currency)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 元 (“yuan; dollar”)
Compounds
References
- “盾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “盾”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 57.
Japanese
Alternative forms
Kanji
盾
Readings
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 盾 |
| たて Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
The nominalized form of the verb 立てる (tateru, “stand”).
Noun
- a weapon stood up or erected before one's body to block and protect from attacks; a shield
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 盾 (MC zywinX).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 쓘〯 (Yale: ssyǔn) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 슌〯 (syǔn) (Yale: syǔn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
- Phonetic hangul:
Hanja
Compounds
References
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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