矣
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Translingual
Han character
矣 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈人大 (IOK), four-corner 23430, composition ⿱厶矢)
Derived characters
- 俟, 诶, 𠤘, 唉, 埃, 娭, 挨, 涘, 𡱢, 𢈟, 𢏦, 𢓪, 𢚝, 𫘤, 㶼, 㸻, 欸, 逘, 𦮸, 𫞀, 𬂼, 䀵, 竢, 𤶗, 𥏖, 𥒲, 𬭐, 𦩈, 𦩉, 𪠠, 𫆆, 誒, 𬦑, 𥏳, 𨧚, 𨴱, 騃, 𬵖
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 823, character 37
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23931
- Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2580, character 4
- Unihan data for U+77E3
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 矣 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢlɯʔ) : phonetic 㠯 (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic 矢 (“arrow”). 矢 (OC *hliʔ) may also act as a phonetic component.
Etymology 1
| trad. | 矣 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 矣 | |
| alternative forms | 𠤘 𢦕 𡗞 | |
Pulleyblank (1995) tentatively suggests a connection to adverb 已 (OC *lɯʔ, “already, perfective marker”), drawing a parallel with the 了₁ (perfective particle) and 了₂ (change of state modal particle) meanings of 了 (le), but doubts that they are etymologically related, suggesting the connection may be purely semantic and for aspectual functions.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): ì
- Eastern Min (BUC): é
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): i3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǐ
- Wade–Giles: i3
- Yale: yǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yii
- Palladius: и (i)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ji5
- Yale: yíh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ji5
- Guangdong Romanization: yi5
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiː¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ji²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: í
- Hakka Romanization System: iˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: i3
- Sinological IPA: /i³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ì
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: é
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɛi²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: --i
- Tâi-lô: --i
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ì
- Tâi-lô: ì
- Phofsit Daibuun: ix
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /i¹¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: in7 / i7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: īⁿ / ī
- Sinological IPA (key): /ĩ¹¹/, /i¹¹/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: i3
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: hiX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢlɯʔ/
Definitions
矣
- (literary) Particle expressing completion, similar to 了 (le) in Standard Mandarin.
- (literary) Particle expressing exclamation, similar to 啦 (la) in Standard Mandarin.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”)
Compounds
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Reduced form of 啦 (--lah) or 了 (liáu)? Compare Min Dong 了 (lāu) and Hakka 了 (lê; ê)”)
| trad. | 矣 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 矣 | |
| alternative forms | 啊 | |
Pronunciation
Definitions
矣
- (Hokkien, dialectal Hakka) Sentence-final particle expressing completion, similar to 了 (le) in Standard Mandarin.
- 我食飽矣／我食饱矣 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― Góa chia̍h-pá--ah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― I've eaten already. / I am now full.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”)
Etymology 3
| trad. | 矣 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 矣 | |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sián
- Wade–Giles: hsien2
- Yale: syán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
矣
- † Transcription of the word for rhinoceros in a language used in ancient Yunnan.
Japanese
Kanji
矣
- kanbun (Literary Chinese) sentence particle
Readings
Korean
Hanja
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Vietnamese
Han character
矣: Hán Nôm readings: hỉ, hở, hỹ, hẻ, hĩ, hơi, hãy
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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